The foregoing is provided for informational use only. 4 Grieger, L. 2018. In most situations, 140,000 seeds per acre should result in at least 100,000 plants per acre at harvest. For machine planted the spacing is (60x5cm) with 1 seed per hole. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of row spacing and seeding rate on the performance of soybean and to determine whether these management … Today row spacing for soybeans seems to be driven by the row spacing for corn. Other than yield, important factors driving soybean row spacing decisions include equipment and time management issues during the planting season. Two Nebraska On-Farm Research data-intensive management studies in 2018 showed no statistical yield difference in see… Introduction Soybean is a versatile crop that can provide many benefits to farming systems in the irrigated areas of southern NSW and northern Victoria. However, the soybeans planted in 30-inch rows did not achieve canopy closure until after July 15. Three planting densities were applied (70, 90 and 110 seeds per 1 m 2) with two row spacing (16 and 32 cm), in 4 replications. Agriculture and Natural Resources It is not uncommon in western Nebraska to see soybean seeding delayed until after irrigated corn is planted, and to do it in 30-inch rows and at 160,000 seeds/ac. White mold development favors cool and wet conditions during soybean flowering. The 170k seeding rate/30 in. Adequate soil moisture is the most important factor affecting soybean germination. Although every attempt is made to produce information that is complete, timely, and accurate, the pesticide user bears responsibility of consulting the pesticide label and adhering to those directions. However, it still is a good idea to stop, dig, and measure to determine if seeds are being placed at the depth and spacing desired. … Soybean farmers need to be flexible enough to embrace new technologies and methods. “So, as you replant over a stand of soybeans at V1 or V2, you take what the original stand has had—with the advantage of time with nodal development and branching—vs. If you’re unsure about which soybean is right for your farm, contact your local Stine Seed Agronomist. Row spacing. Eight soybean seeding rates (starting at 197600 and increasing by 49400 live seed ha-1 increments) and row spacing (30 and 61 cm) were evaluated in 15 North Dakota environments in 2017-2018 to determine plant densities, seed yield, and plant loss, which were compared with soybean producer field data. In many cases, the decline in drilled soybeans has been accompanied by an increase in acres converted to 15-inch rows. For more information, visit cfaesdiversity.osu.edu. They can tweak plant populations, planting depth, row spacing and seed treatments to improve stand and, ultimately, yields, but other factors can also Using 50cm by 50cm spacing for soybean with 2 seeds per hole would make you get 80,000 plants per hectare. Ideal seed depth for most conditions is 1¼ to 1½ inches, but beans can be planted up to 2 inches deep in sandy soils, or in dry conditions. Plant seeds at a depth of 1-2 inches. 116 Agricultural Administration2120 Fyffe Road Poke holes into a cultivated bed or row to plant soybean seeds about 2 inches (5 cm) apart and one-half inch (1 cm) deep. Agronomic management of soybeans in Manitoba: row spacing and seeding rate. Assessing Seed Maturity. Three planting densities were applied (70, 90 and 110 seeds per 1 m2) with two row spacing (16 and 32 cm), in 4 replications. For the soybean monocropping, the row spacing was 0.5 m. The area of each experimental plot was 36 m 2 (6×6 m). The majority of growers in Illinois and Indiana currently favor 15-inch and narrower spacings, while growers in Iowa and Minnesota favor 30-inch rows (Figure 1). what you have just replanted. Among the largest soybean-producing states there are substantial differences in row spacing practices, with a majority of growers in Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, and Missouri favoring 15-inch spacings, compared to Iowa and Minnesota where soybeans planted in 30-inch rows are much more common (Figure 3). Plots were seeded at either 75k, 105k, 135k, 170k, or 205k pure live seeds (PLS) ac-1. Recommended soybean seeding rates in Minnesota. While soybeans planted in a 15-inch row spacing can generally out-yield soybeans planted in a 30-inch row spacing, disease levels in a 15-inch row spacing can often be high enough that little yield advantage over the 30-inch row spacing might be observed in a high white mold environment. When your seeds sprout, thin them by cutting the weak seedlings to the ground and spacing the remaining plants 4-6 inches apart. The soybean variety, Channel 2402, was seeded in 7.5 in. Planting date. Timely planting is critical for maximizing yield in soybeans, but using good judgement on field conditions plays a role that is equally important to determining yield potential. Soybean seeds need to be planted deep enough to get good seed-to-soil contact and shallow enough that they don’t expend more energy to get out of the ground than necessary—usually about 3 ⁄ 4 to 1 1 ⁄ 4 inches deep. For the 7.5-inch row-spacing treatment, planting population was 195,000 seeds/acre. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of row spacing and seeding rate on the performance of soybean and to determine whether these management practices … Agronomy Journal. Our Ag Calculators are a useful tool to help you calculate your corn seed spacing, drill callibration, soybean replants, and much more. While soybeans planted in a 15-inch row spacing can generally out-yield soybeans planted in a 30-inch row spacing, disease levels in a 15-inch row spacing can often be high enough that little yield advantage over the 30-inch row spacing might be observed in a high white mold environment. This calculator is designed to help you estimate the number of seed per foot of row. Numerous research studies over the past 40 years have evaluated soybean row spacing. Three planting densities were applied (70, 90 and 110 seeds per 1 m 2) with two row spacing (16 and 32 cm), in 4 replications. Changes in common soybean row spacing shown as a percentage of total soybean acres from 2006 to 2013 in North America. If you’re using the square foot gardening method, plant 9 per square foot. Seeding rate. Soybean Seed Rate Calculator (Fill in numbers in blue boxes) Seed: Seeding rate: Planting: Acres in field Desired stand, thousands of plants per acre Seed drop rate per foot of row Pounds of seed in a unit, if sold by weight Row spacing in inches Inches between seeds C.O.R.N. This site designed and maintained by CFAES Marketing and Communications. The increasing width of planters — many are now 60 feet wide — means that splitting rows with additional units makes planters very heavy. The oil is then refined, blended for different applications, and sometimes hydrogenated. 2.What is the best row spacing that I should plant my Eagle Forage Soybeans on? Columbus, OH 43210 Soybean seed contains 18–19% oil. Numerous research studies over the past 40 years have evaluated soybean row spacing. Soybean seed yield response to planting date and seeding rate in the upper Midwest. The row spacing may be from 25 to 90 cm. Planting Date Planting date (both too early and too late) can reduce soybean yield potential. Soybean germination begins when soil temperatures reach 50°F and moisture is present at the planting depth of 1-1.5 inches. In 1941, area harvested for seed (2.4 million ha) first exceeded the acreage grown for all other purposes (2.2 million ha). When your seeds sprout, thin them by cutting the weak seedlings to the ground and spacing the remaining plants 4-6 inches apart. Each soybean variety was grown in separate test blocks with each variety block containing three replicates of the two spacing treatments. The effect of plant population was also significant. Soybean relative seed yield with plating rates averaged across row spacings in North Dakota. Soybean seeds need to be planted deep enough to get good seed-to-soil contact and shallow enough that they don’t expend more energy to get out of the ground than necessary—usually about 3 ⁄ 4 to 1 1 ⁄ 4 inches deep. Row spacing and plant density had no statistically significant effect on seed protein concentration and only a small and inconsistent effect on seed size. “By the VC (vegetative cotyledon) stage, with the cotyledons and unifoliates (leaves) fully extended, the plant has already made its decision to branch,” says Casteel. What plant population or row spacing should be used? The seed was untreated. Soybean seeding rates of 90,000 to 120,000 seeds/acre resulted in the highest profitability. Each soybean variety was grown in separate test blocks with each variety block containing three replicates of the two spacing treatments. Soybean growers in the northern latitudes of the United States plant the crop in a wide range of row spacings although there has been a shift toward wider rows (>50 cm) in some Upper Midwest states in the last 5 years. Figure 3. Try to weed your seedbed regularly, especially while the plants are small and easily choked out by weeds. Row spacings of 36 inches and wider are rare in the northern and central Corn Belt, but more common in … Soybean was planted in 10‐ and 30‐in. If you count the plant that has 25 pods then you would estimate 35 bu/acre. Air seeder distribution and seed damage for wheat, canola and soybeans. For the 7.5-inch row-spacing treatment, planting population was 195,000 seeds/acre. Planting depth should be about 1.25 1 to 1.5 inches, depending on soil moisture conditions, and should not exceed 2 inches. Other than yield, important factors driving soybean row spacing decisions include equipment and time management issues during the planting season. If you plant corn in 30-inch rows you will plant soybeans in 30-inch rows. Planting date strongly influences soybean yield. April 2018. The plant-to-plant variability of soybean can be wide due to numerous factors such as plant spacing, pest pressures, and early season development differences. A cheap way of providing nitrogen to soybean crop is by inoculating the seed with Bradyrhizobium japonicum. The information presented here, along with any trade names used, is supplied with the understanding that no discrimination is intended and no endorsement is made by Ohio State University Extension is implied. row spacings in early and late May from 1982 through 1985. Row width should be narrow enough for the soybean canopy to completely cover the interrow space by the time the soybeans begin to flower. Use the chart below as a reference when determining the right soybean for your operation. The increasing width of planters — many are now 60 feet wide — means that splitting rows with additional units makes planters very … (Our early May planting date in northeastern Ohio in 2013 was damaged by bean leaf beetle and two frosts that occurred mid-May.). In the dataset, soybean planting rates ranged from 60,000 to 220,000 pure live seed per acre and row spacings ranged from 7 inches to 30 inches. either of the two spacing used, you would get 53,333 maize stands per hectare. Calibration of plants should be based on seed spacing. Figure 2. Influence of Soybean Seeding Rate, Row Spacing, and Herbicide Programs on the Control of Resistant Waterhemp in Glufosinate-Resistant Soybean - Volume 29 Issue 2 - … In 2013 and 2014, we conducted a planting date trial at the Western Agricultural Research Station near South Charleston, Ohio. CFAES provides research and related educational programs to clientele on a nondiscriminatory basis. At the wider row spacings (20- to 36-inch), stands that vary +/- one plant per foot will differ little in yield. Irrigation significantly increased yield regardless of row spacing or planting date, but the increase was always greater for early plantings. Soybean row width preferences vary greatly across North America, with the 4 largest soybean-producing states showing substantial differences. When we talk about the fight against weeds in your soybean fields, herbicides and seeds with herbicide tolerance are often the first things that come to mind. By Laura Lindsey, Crop and Soil Scientist Ohio State University Extension shares the planting time, seeding rates and row widths that achieve higher soybean yields. Newsletter questions are directed to Extension and OARDC state specialists and associates at Ohio State. Slower germination and compaction can negate the benefits of the earlier planting date. Plant seeds from late spring to early summer. Source: DuPont Pioneer Brand Concentration Survey. ICM News. To grow soybeans, plant your seeds 1 and ½ inches deep and 3 inches apart in a fertilized seedbed, and give them just enough water to moisten the soil. Planting 30 cm row spacing yielded 183 kg ha-1 greater than 61 cm row spacing. Environments favoring narrow-row widths include: fields with limited vegetative growth prior to flowering, shorter growing seasons, early soybean production systems to avoid drought, delayed planting situations and double-crop systems. 5 Mohr, R. 2018. Row spacing. Soybean seed can be planted up to 2 inches deep in sandy soils. See how adjusting row spacing when planting soybeans can help you manage weed pressure in your fields. The average relative soybean seed yield among row spacings, ranging from 7- to 30-inches, and averaged across planting rates and all North Dakota site-years is shown in Figure 2. Final soybean population depends on germination, emergence, disease and insect pressure, competition from other plants, etc. Spacing. For the 15-inch row-spacing treatment, planting population was 180,000 seeds/acre. Factors such as damping-off and pressure from bean leaf beetle are concerns to keep in mind, as well as the possibility of a late spring frost. Seed yields from the irrigated early plantings in 1984,1985, and 1986 averaged 3570, 2960, and 2695 kg ha −1, while the later plantings averaged 3115,1900, and 1425 kg ha −1, respectively. Traditional unfermented food uses of soybeans include soy milk, from which tofu and tofu skin are made. reproducible. As field conditions change or if there are major changes in soil type, evaluations should be conducted again. The standard spacing for soybean is 50cm by 50cm. Establishing a good plant stand in the field is important to ensure good crop yields. 1971 CFAES COVID-19 Resources: Safe and Healthy Buckeyes | COVID-19 Hub | CFAES Calendar. The study consisted of a series of nine trials conducted during 2008 to 2011 at the NDSU Carrington Research Extension Center and research sites in Prosper and Fargo. When we talk about the fight against weeds in your soybean fields, herbicides and seeds with herbicide tolerance are often the first things that come to mind. Soybean Planting Rates The suggested soybean planting rates and final stands … On an average over the genotypes, the row spacing of 30 cm showed the highest seed yield in soybean under Bangladesh conditions. Research findings on Minnesota soybean seeding rates. Some farmers use 20cm by 20xm; this is quite too close. The calculator works for soybeans, corn,peanuts and other small-grain tree seeds. Soybeans must have warm soil to germinate and grow. In the last 10 years, studies show a 3 to 4 bu/acre yield advantage for soybeans planted in drilled narrow rows and 15-inch rows over 30-inch rows. In most situations, 140,000 seeds per acre should result in at least 100,000 plants per acre at harvest. For the 15-inch row-spacing treatment, planting population was 180,000 seeds/acre. Single Plants: 5" (15cm) each way (minimum) Rows: 5" (15cm) with 5" (15cm) row gap (minimum) Sow and Plant. Test plot data was collected from across the whole state. Soybean Seed Rate Calculator (Fill in numbers in blue boxes) Seed: Seeding rate: Planting: Acres in field Desired stand, thousands of plants per acre Seed drop rate per foot of row Pounds of seed in a unit, if sold by weight Row spacing in inches Inches between seeds Average yield results from 7 soybean row spacing studies published during the last 10 years. Please contact your Pioneer sales professional for information and management suggestions specific to your operation. When you plant two seeds per hole, the inter spacing remains unchanged but the intra spacing is doubled, making 75cm by 50cm. In Ohio, most soybeans are planted in row widths ≤ 15 inches. Research across the Midwest over several years has consistently shown that soybean planted in narrow rows (<30 inches) has a yield advantage compared to wide rows (≥ 30 inches). Over the years, the development of soybeans with tolerance to glyphosate, glufosinate, dicamba and 2,4-D have made a huge impact on the way we farm, adding more options to the weed control toolbox from which farmers can work. Larger enterprises are more likely to have a dedicated soybean planter; whereas for smaller farms, it may be more practical to share a planter with another crop, such as a drill with wheat or a 30-inch planter with corn. We work with families and children, farmers and businessowners, community leaders and elected officials to build better lives, better businesses and better communities to make Ohio great. Most corn planters are set to plant 30-inch rows, and 15-inch soybeans are generally planted by using split-row units placed between the 30-inch rows. C.O.R.N. When saving seeds from soybeans, separate varieties by at least 10-20 feet. In Ohio, most soybeans are planted in row widths ≤ 15 inches. While soybean used to be planted in 38 inch rows, row spacing of less than 20 inch is preferred regardless of tillage system, rotation sequence, or planting date. Soybean can be planted using a hand hoe or the mechanical planter. Soybean row spacings (inches) in the 4 largest soybean-producing states in 2012 as a percent of total acres (USDA-NASS. CFAES Diversity | Nondiscrimination notice | Site Map, Soybean Planting Date, Seeding Rate, and Row Width, © 2020 The Ohio State University, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, Fertility Factsheets, Bulletins, and Tools, Tri-State Fertilizer Recommendations (2020), https://stepupsoy.osu.edu/soybean-production/ohio-agronomy-guide-15th-edition, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 2120 Fyffe Road | Room 3 Ag Admin Bldg. In both years, soybean yield decreased by 0.6 bu/ac per day when planting after mid-May. Accessibility Accommodation. The standard spacing requirement for maize is 75cm by 25cm, this is spacing is used when you plant one maize seed per hole. The soybean or soya bean (Glycine max) is a species of legume native to East Asia, widely grown for its edible bean, which has numerous uses.. The effect of plant population was also significant. PIONEER® brand products are provided subject to the terms and conditions of purchase which are part of the labeling and purchase documents. © 2020 Corteva. In the last 10 years, studies show a 3 to 4 bu/acre yield advantage for soybeans planted in drilled narrow rows and 15-inch rows over 30-inch rows (Figure 2). ™ ® Trademarks of Corteva Agriscience and its affiliated companies. wide rows with a drill on June 12. To grow soybeans, plant your seeds 1 and ½ inches deep and 3 inches apart in a fertilized seedbed, and give them just enough water to moisten the soil. Soybean growers in the northern latitudes of the United States plant the crop in a wide range of row spacings although there has been a shift toward wider rows (>50 cm) in some Upper Midwest states in the last 5 years. However, there are farmers who still hold on to their 15-inch split planters for planting corn and soybeans. The seed must imbibe (take-in) 50 percent of its weight in moisture in order for the germination process to begin and remain above 20 percent after the seed swells and the seed coat splits. Without irrigation, yield differences between planting dates were not significant. Spacing. You can save seeds from soybean even if you only grow one plant. Soybeans grown in narrow rows (≤ 15 inches) tend to out-yield soybean produced in wide row … | Columbus, Ohio 43210 | 614-292-6181 Final soybean population depends on germination, emergence, disease and insect pressure, competition from other plants, etc. When soybeans are planted in May, a final (harvest) population of 100,000 to 120,000 plants per acre is generally adequate for maximum yield. For technical support please contact the CFAES Helpdesk. Most corn planters are set to plant 30-inch rows, and 15-inch soybeans are generally planted by using split-row units placed between the 30-inch rows. Calculate Seeds per Foot of Row: How many seeds per foot should I plant? 3. If planting 2 inches deep to access uniform moisture, make … Figure 1. However, planting too early (before field conditions are adequate) comes with a risk. Licht, Mark. Newsletter is produced by the Ohio State University Extension Agronomy Team, state specialists at The Ohio State University and the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC). Before heading out to the field this spring, download a free pdf of the recently revised Ohio Agronomy Guide available here: https://stepupsoy.osu.edu/soybean-production/ohio-agronomy-guide-15th-edition Also, check out other information related to soybean management at http://stepupsoy.osu.edu. However, the spacing varies, with hand hoes taking on a spacing of (50x25cm) with 3 seeds per hole. They need to look above and beyond their current cultural practices. Best forage performance was obtained when soybean was planted at population levels comparable to those recommended for grain production (100,000 plants/acre). The best soybean yields occur on well-drained, but not sandy soils having a pH of 6.5 or above. The closer the row spacing, the higher the yield, but the yield advantage is not great (about 5 to10 %). Most corn planters are set to plant 30-inch rows, and 15-inch soybeans are generally planted by using split-row units placed between the 30-inch rows. Prairie Agricultural Machinery Institute (PAMI) Research Report. Under good humidity and thermal conditions in 2016 and 2017, the yield of seeds and protein in soybean was 3.3 times higher than if exposed to extreme drought and accompanying high air temperatures in 2018 and 2019. In recent years, soybean acres planted in 30-inch rows have increased in some areas. Hybrid and variety responses are variable and subject to any number of environmental, disease and pest pressures. Let’s assume a plant stand of 100,000 plants/acre, and one plant is selected for pod count. 2. In June, the soybeans planted in 30-inch rows looked better than the soybeans planted in 15 and 7.5-inch row widths. Figure 4. (No studies in sandy soils). The relative soybean seed yield among row spacings, ranging from 7- to 30-inches, averaged across planting rates and all North Dakota site-years is shown in Figure 2. C.O.R.N. The wider the row, the closer are the seeds placed in the row, and this sometimes helps, especially for emergence on … A dense soybean canopy enhances these conditions, potentially increasing the severity of the white mold. Phone: 740-223-4043, © 2020 | 2120 Fyffe Road | Room 3 Ag Admin Bldg. If you have a disability and experience difficulty accessing this content request accommodation here. Seeding rates based on lbs/acre have little meaning since seed size com-monly varies from 13,000 to 24,000 seeds/pound. To maintain a variety over time, save seeds from between 5-10 plants. The standard spacing for soybean is a management decision that often comes up as a priority for high-yielding. Result in at least 100,000 plants per acre at harvest Channel 2402, seeded. Plant 9 per square foot many seeds per foot should I plant plant Science, University of Manitoba and.! 1971 soybean seed can be planted using a hand hoe or the mechanical planter increase! Spacing and plant density had no statistically significant effect on seed spacing studies in 2018 showed no statistical difference. Good plant stand in the irrigated areas of southern NSW and northern Victoria trend across North America on,. Acres from 2006 to 2013 in North America July 15 spacing studies published during the planting season shift... Across row spacings ( 20- to 36-inch ), stands that vary +/- one plant Western Agricultural Station! Percentage of total soybean acres ( USDA-NASS distribution and seed damage for wheat, canola and soybeans from... Research and related educational programs to clientele on a spacing of 30 cm showed the highest profitability 1 1.5! 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