1912 - New Jersey governor Woodrow Wilson is elected the 28th President of the United States. New Jersey played a major role in creating the structure of the new United States Government. Towns in New Jersey, such as Middletown which had many residents die in the attacks, suffered from the losses.[50]. Throughout the colonial era, New Jersey was agrarian and rural, attracting a diverse population of … Through this period, New Jersey's population and employment rate increased greatly. When Lewis Morris took office as the first governor of New Jersey after the separation, one member of the Assembly advised his colleagues on how governors should be treated: “Let us keep the doges poore [i.e., by paying governors a low salary] and wee’ll make them do as we please.”. The state was the site of more than 100 battles, earning it the nickname Crossroads of the Revolution. In 1664, James, the Duke of York, received control of New Netherland. During the early 20th century New Jersey prospered, but the economy weakened in the Great Depression of the 1930s. The new State Constitution also returned the right of suffrage to females and non-whites. However, after the court decision, disagreements between New Jersey and New York led to the sharing of jurisdiction over the island by the two states. Faden, Charing Cross, December 1, 1778 Scale: "about 69½ British miles to a degree" (roughly 6.6 miles to 1 inch) Copperplate map,… [19] The loyalists included the governor of New Jersey, William Franklin. In May 1624, from a ship under the command of Cornelius Jacobsen Mey (after whom Cape May is named) thirty families were required to spread themselves throughout the region including Fort Wilhelmus. During the Great Depression, 20-month-old Charles Augustus Lindbergh, Jr., son of famous aviator Charles Lindbergh, was abducted from his home near Hopewell, New Jersey in the Lindbergh kidnapping. Many women took jobs in factories during their husbands' absences. [39] Fort Hancock was also opened in Sandy Hook. During the brief stay in Princeton, the Continental Congress was informed of the end of the war by the signing of the Treaty of Paris on September 3, 1783. Cities throughout New Jersey offer one-of-a-kind experiences that will leave lasting memories long after your visit. He was tried in Flemington, New Jersey in what was known as the "Trial of the Century", and was convicted. As New Jersey moves through its fourth century of history, it continues to fulfill its potential as a diverse and richly gifted state. [14] After capturing the colony, Nicolls became deputy-governor of New Amsterdam and the rest of New Netherland, and guaranteed colonists' property rights, laws of inheritance, and the enjoyment of religious freedom. Because of its strategic location on the East Coast, New Jersey played an important role in the United States' Cold War defense. Over 1,500 pilots were trained for advanced aircraft fighting at this airport. Cars became easily affordable and roads were paved and improved such that they incorporated new road features, including jughandle turns. The police sealed off many roads to prevent the kidnapper's escape, and interrogated the members of the Lindbergh household. Camp Kilmer was a staging area near New Brunswick that served the port of New York. In 1790, Trenton officially became the state capital of New Jersey. The incidents occurred during a deadly heat wave and polio epidemic in the Northeastern United States that drove thousands of people to the seaside resorts of the Jersey Shore. They divided the land in half and gave control to two proprietors: Sir George Carteret (who was in charge of the east side) and Lord John Berkley (who was in charge of the west side). (See Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal). He chose law as a career and originally Questions and controversy surround the accident to this day: theories for the sudden burst of flames include sabotage against the German Nazis, static build-up, and flammable fabric. It was during this battle that the legendary "Molly Pitcher" is said to have fought.[23]. Accommodating tax laws of that era gave New Jersey the epithet Mother of Trusts—half of the country’s largest corporations made their headquarters in the state by the early 1900s. The victories breathed new life into the Revolution, and an army of colonials near despair was transformed into an effective fighting force. The most significant of these took place on Dec. 26, 1776, when Gen. George Washington and his hungry, ragged troops crossed the Delaware River from Pennsylvania in Durham boats (shallow-draft freight vessels), surprised a garrison of German mercenaries in Trenton, and captured the city. [44] at the Glassboro State College. The last was on the east bank of the Delaware River,[6] the site of the first European settlement in what would become New Jersey. Camp Kilmer helped to serve troops by offering medical care and providing supplies. As temperatures increased to over 100 °F (38 °C), many soldiers fell to sunstroke. "[35] It described extraterrestrial monsters that were causing much destruction. Prior to 1664 when it was surrendered to the English, the New Jersey Colony region had … In the 17th century, the New Jersey region came under the control of the Swedes and the Dutch, resulting in a struggle in which the Dutch proved victorious (1655). Traces of their Algonquian language survive in many place-names throughout the state.[3]. Before, ferries were required to travel across the Hudson River. Retrieved December 17, 2005. In 1776 New Jersey adopted its first constitution, which granted suffrage to women (although the legislature revoked this right in 1807). These audio files were created from a revision of this article dated 29 April 2006, 2004–05 gubernatorial vacancy and subsequent events, New Jersey became the third state to ratify the United States Constitution on December 18, 1787, with 38 delegates voting unanimously in favor of the Constitution. In the 19th century, New Jersey cities led the United States into the Industrial Revolution and provided soldiers for many of the wars the United States fought, including 88,000 men for the American Civil War. In 1787, New Jersey became the third state to ratify the United States Constitution.[1]. Later, the Continental army slipped past Cornwallis's stalled army and launched an attack on British soldiers stationed at Princeton in the Battle of Princeton on January 3, 1777. See Molly Pitcher. Today Descendants of Founders of New Jersey is an active society with over 400 members. One of the first European explorers to see the land that became New Jersey was Henry Hudson, who in 1609 sailed along the coast in his ship the Half Moon. New refineries and ammunition factories were built by companies like DuPont Engineering. 1846 - The first professional baseball game is played in Hoboken. Edward Hyde, Lord Cornbury became the first governor of the colony as a royal colony. Many of the colonists of New Jersey became farmers. The Dutch colony of New Netherland was taken over by England in 1664, and the Province of New Jersey was given to two loyalists of King James II: Sir George Carteret and Lord Berkeley of Stratton. [45], In 1973, the New Jersey Supreme Court ordered the legislature to pass a statute funding schools more equitably for impoverished areas. Bruce A. Bendler, "The Steam Mill and Jacksonian Politics: The Career of William N. The State of NJ site may contain optional links, information, services and/or content from other websites operated by third parties that are provided as a convenience, such as Google™ Translate. [citation needed], In the September 11, 2001, attacks, hijackers took control of four domestic U.S. commercial airliners, including United Airlines Flight 93 which departed from Newark International Airport. They came from the Mississippi valley. James J. Finn was a lieutenant who attempted to capture the kidnapper while he was passing off ransom bills. These victories forced the British to leave New Jersey. In 1947, the current New Jersey State Constitution was ratified, reorganizing the state government. Membership includes those descendants who remained in New Jersey and those who have fanned out across the nation. In 1911, the United States Supreme Court ordered the dissolution of the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey, viewing it as violating the Sherman Antitrust Act. The colony had originally been settled by the Dutch as part of New Netherland, but came under British rule after the surrender of Fort Amsterdam in 1664, becoming a proprietary colony. [21] Throughout the war hundreds of engagements occurred in New Jersey, more than in any other colony. New Jersey grew and prospered during the early 1800s. Jon Corzine was elected Governor of New Jersey on November 8, 2005, and took office on January 17, 2006. After the battle, Charles Lee was court-martialed for his poor command. Residents who could leave, fled to the suburbs following the riots. New Netherland west of the Hudson River was renamed New Jersey after the English Channel Island of Jersey which Charles II of England, after having seen their loyalty to the crown, gave to the people of Jersey as a gift having given him hospitality in the castle of Mont Orgueil before he was proclaimed king in 1649. [49], The destruction of Lower Manhattan office space accelerated the pre-2001 trend of moving jobs from Lower Manhattan to Midtown and New Jersey. Descendants of Founders of New Jersey; a society of those associated with the earliest development of our state. The Court thereupon shut down all public schools for eight days in 1976, until the legislature passed an income tax bill. [citation needed] In the 1960s New Jersey became the site of several race riots and of the Glassboro Summit Conference (1967), between American President Lyndon B. Johnson and Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin. The New Jersey Colony was originally named the Province of New Jersey, after the British island named Jersey. The New York – New Jersey Line War (also known as the N.J. Line War) was a series of skirmishes and raids that took place for over half a century between 1701 and 1765 at the disputed border between two American colonies, the Province of New York and the Province of New Jersey. New Jersey, A History. The attacks caused 2,986 deaths, including about 700 residents of New Jersey. The state also committed to the acquisition of open space and the reduction of suburban sprawl and its concomitant difficulties for commuters. Stuyvesant's council took several measures restricting religion in New Netherland, heightening his unpopularity, and he was also known for being hot-tempered. Native Americans moved into New Jersey soon after the reversal of the Younger Dryas; before then an ice sheet hundreds of feet thick had made the area of northern New Jersey uninhabitable. Baron von Knyphausen, the Hessian general, hoped to invade New Jersey and expected support from colonists of New Jersey who were tired of the war. William Livingston became New Jersey's first state governor. They spoke an Algonquian dialect. Later James granted the land between the Hudson River and the Delaware River that would become New Jersey to two friends who had been loyal to him through the English Civil War: Sir George Carteret and Lord Berkeley of Stratton. New Jersey became one of the Thirteen Colonies which broke away from Britain in the American Revolution, adopting the Declaration of Independence in 1776. A Brief History of the State of New Jersey. Prior to this bill, the state had no income tax. [32] It was used as a training and staging ground throughout the war. The Native Americans and Paleo-Indians fished in all rivers and streams using nets and fish hooks and by hand. You may bring a completed Application for Driver History … [11] C. A. Nothnagle Log House and Schorn Log Cabin are remainders of this early influence. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Later, systems of canals were built, the first of which is called the Morris Canal and ran from Phillipsburg, New Jersey, on the Delaware River to Jersey City, New Jersey, on the Hudson River. They manufactured many necessities, including clothing and war materials like ammunition. Charles II gave the region between New England and Maryland to his brother, the Duke of York (later King James II & VII), as a proprietary colony. Bergen, founded in 1660, was New Jersey's first permanent European settlement. New Jersey ratified and then signed the Articles of Confederation on November 26, 1779. Publication date 1868 Topics Elizabeth (N.J.) -- History, Union County (N.J.) -- History Publisher New York : Carlton & Lanahan Collection Princeton; americana 2 (1992): 159–193. The Holland Tunnel, under the Hudson River, was completed in 1927, providing a means of easy transportation between New Jersey and New York City. The retreat nearly led to disorder, but Washington managed to rally the troops to withstand two British counter-attacks, both of which failed. Five major battles were fought at Trenton, Princeton, Monmouth, Union and Springfield. Many industrial cities like Paterson and Camden grew strong through Civil War production. Princeton became the temporary capital for the nation for four months. In honour of Carteret, who was Governor of the island of Jersey, this territory received the name of New Jersey. Nike Missile Sites in New Jersey. Camp Merritt was decommissioned in November 1919. [10] New Sweden, founded in 1638, rose to its height under governor Johan Björnsson Printz (1643–53). The Jersey Shore became extremely popular as an attraction. In 1524, Giovanni da Verrazzano, sailing in the service of France, explored the Jersey Coast[4] including Sandy Hook and The Narrows, now the site of the bridge which bears his name. On Election Day, November 8, 2005, the voters passed an amendment to the state constitution creating the position of Lieutenant Governor, effective with the 2009 elections. In the summer of 1783, the Continental Congress met in Nassau Hall of Princeton University. However, the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which banned alcohol manufacturing & sales, was later repealed by the Twenty-first Amendment in December 1933. The British take-over in 1664 was formalized in 1674, ending the province of the New Netherland, though the North Jersey would retain a "Dutch" character for many years to come. With the advent of the bow-and-arrow and of pottery around the year 500 A.D., extended family groups began to stay in areas longer. He was electrocuted in the New Jersey State Prison in Trenton, New Jersey. Block, H. Christiaensen and C. Mey surveyed land between the 40th and 45th parallels along the Atlantic coast and named the area they surveyed New Netherlands. Philip Carteret arriving at the colony of New Jersey in 1665 to serve as its governor, from a 19th-century coloured engraving. Welles and the other broadcasters were not punished by law, but were held under a brief informal "house arrest" for a short period. [28] New Jersey at first refused to ratify the Constitutional Amendment banning slavery. In 1787, New Jersey became the third state to ratify the U.S. Constitution and the first state to sign the Bill of Rights. New Jersey driver license/ID. The agricultural products from New Jersey usually were transported to larger markets in New York City and Philadelphia, requiring better transportation. Interesting Facts ; One of the original 13 colonies, New Jersey was an important battleground during the American Revolution. Soldiers from New Jersey fought generally in the War's Eastern theater. Almost a century passed before colonization began with the arrival in 1609 of the English navigator Henry Hudson, who sent a party to explore Sandy Hook Bay. It had originally convened in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, but mutinous troops prevented the meeting from taking place. New York, New York: The American Historical Society, Incorporated. Located at Paulus Hook it was part of the patroonship Pavonia, named (in Latinized form) for Micheal Pauw[8] who had bought the tract from the Lenape. Contents. Through the 1800s, over a dozen companies were operating railroad lines. They practiced small-scale agriculture (companion planting), such as growing corn and pole beans together and squash. Almost a century passed before colonization began with the arrival in 1609 of the English navigator Henry Hudson, who sent a party to explore Sandy Hook Bay. The majority of the colonists lived in simple log cabins, coming from the original Dutch settlers. However, New Jersey eventually funded publications in the early 1850s of accurate agriculture-related surveys through the effort of George Hammell Cook. Prior to 1664 when it was surrendered to the English, the New Jersey Colony region had … [29] Philip Kearny, an officer from the Mexican–American War, led a brigade of New Jersey regiments under Brigadier General William B. Franklin. They also gathered nuts in the autumn such as acorns, hickory nuts, walnuts, butternuts, beech nuts and chestnuts. These cities prospered through heavy production even after the end of the war.[30]. Although factory production decreased after the end of World War I, production lines still churned out goods. The Motivation for Founding the New Jersey Colony . The Zierdt site in Montague, Sussex County and the Plenge site along the Musconetcong River in Franklin Township, Warren County, as well as the Dutchess Cave in Orange County, New York, represent camp sites of Paleo-Indians. The New Jersey Constitution of 1776 allowed "all inhabitants of this Colony, of full age, who are worth fifty pounds proclamation money" to vote, including non-whites and widows; married women could not own property under the common law. The British at Princeton were forced to surrender. The colony was brought under English rule in 1664, although for the next nine years the Dutch disputed that claim. In the year 1664, the Duke of York, proprietary of the province of New York, assigned to Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret the tract of country to the east of the Delaware River, and extending to the Hudson and the Atlantic. In return for land, settlers paid annual fees known as quitrents. (New Sweden's colonial population may have peaked at 368 people in 1654, after being boosted by more than 250 people along with new governor Johan Rising. The famous inventor Thomas Edison was born in 1847. A master plan for the state’s development, first adopted in 1992 and subsequently updated, aimed to direct growth toward existing infrastructure. In 1993 Republican Christine Todd Whitman became the first female governor of New Jersey. The New Jersey Colony was one of the Middle Colonies of Colonial America and became the U.S. state of New Jersey in 1776. After recapturing Trenton, he ordered charges on fortified defenses at Assunpink Creek. Politically, New Jersey is often a swing state in national elections. Lord Cornbury was an ineffective and corrupt ruler, taking bribes and speculating on land, so in 1708 he was recalled to England. The Battles of Trenton and Princeton are collectively referred to as the Ten Crucial Days because these desperately needed victories bolstered the morale of the nation. 23,116 of those soldiers served in the Army of the Potomac. The Duke of York, though he had conveyed away his powers of government when he sold the province to Berkley and Carteret, in 1664, unjustly claimed West Jersey as a dependency of New … In 1787 it became the third state to ratify the U.S. Constitution. In 1746, the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University) was founded in Elizabethtown by a group of Great Awakening "New Lighters" that included Jonathan Dickinson, Aaron Burr Sr. and Peter Van Brugh Livingston. In 1756, the school moved to Princeton. At the end of World War II, the government closed down the internment camps, but many people from the camps continued to work at Seabrook Farms.[41]. The riots are often cited as a major factor in the decline of Newark and its neighboring communities. Twenty-four people died in the riots, and nearly 1,600 were arrested. Becoming a state upon the formation of the United States, New Jersey saw significant action during the American Revolutionary War. In 1937, the German zeppelin Hindenburg exploded over Lakehurst Naval Air Station in Manchester. [34] Under the Works Progress Administration, part of the Second New Deal by FDR, many new jobs were provided in order to support the poor, including the expansion of Fort Dix, Roosevelt Park in Edison, and Rutgers Stadium in Piscataway. Native Americans moved into New Jersey soon after the reversal of the Younger Dryas; before then an ice sheet hundreds of feet thick had made the area of northern New Jersey uninhabitable. Membership includes those descendants who remained in New Jersey and those who have fanned out across the nation. Because of this, more battles were fought in New Jersey than in any other state. The Constitution declared itself temporary and to be void if there was reconciliation with Great Britain. In 1609, Sir Henry Hudson sailing for the Dutch East India Company,[5] explored the East Coast including the Delaware, Raritan, Newark, New York bays and the Hudson Valley. The state's transportation system continued to improve with the construction of canals and more rail lines that helped industrialization develop further. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. In 1658, Director-General of New Netherland Peter Stuyvesant "re-purchased" the entire peninsula known as Bergen Neck, and in 1661 granted a charter to the village at Bergen, establishing the oldest municipality in the state. Over 1,000 British casualties were incurred while the Americans lost 452 men. The Woodland period of North American pre-Columbian cultures spans the time period from roughly 1000 BCE to 1,000 CE in the eastern part of North America. Five Volumes. The Garden State is … At the time it was the territory of the Unami, or Turtle Clan. The railroads, in particular the Camden and Amboy line (a forerunner of present-day Conrail), played a crucial role in the state’s political life, dominating and controlling legislators and governors during the “robber baron” era of industrial expansion in the 19th century. The two proprietors of New Jersey tried to entice more settlers to New Jersey by granting land to settlers and by passing Concession and Agreement, a document granting religious freedom to all inhabitants of New Jersey; the British Church of England allowed no such religious freedom. This action prevented the river from being easily taken by the English and Dutch, who were also trying to expand into the New World. Faden, Charing Cross, December 1, 1778 Scale: "about 69½ British miles to a degree" (roughly 6.6 miles… Faden, Charing Cross, December 1, 1778 Scale: "about 69½ British miles to a degree" (roughly 6.6 miles to 1 inch) Copperplate map,… Unemployment services are only accessed through that site. (Family History Library book 974.9 H2k, films 1697477 and 2055167 item 5.) Energy was harnessed from the 77 feet (23 m) high Great Falls of the Passaic River. The legislature did this in 1975 but failed to fund it. The Past Attorneys General link provides biographies and images of New Jersey's Attorneys General. The Standard Oil Company of New Jersey was a large integrated oil producing, transporting, refining, and marketing organization, founded by Henry H. Rogers, William Rockefeller, and John D. Rockefeller. However, despite the fertility of the soil, farmers were forced to struggle due to the dearth of English money. Originally settled by Native Americans, New Jersey has welcomed waves of immigrants, from the Dutch and English in the 1600s to Asians and Latin Americans today. The Goldman Sachs Tower was constructed in Jersey City as part of this relocation. Province of New Jersey (1778) - Faden The Province of New Jersey, Divided into East and West, Commonly Called the Jerseys Second Edition [of three] with Considerable Improvements Engraved & Published by Wm. Furthermore the "Market Revolution" was well underway, as industrialization and upgraded transportation networks made the larger picture more important than the local economy, and entrepreneurs and politicians became leaders in speeding up the changes. Each province was independently governed and passed laws specific to the region. Camp Kilmer was later reactivated for the Korean War and the 1956 Hungarian Revolution. Stuyvesant grew haughty in his treatment of his opponents and threatened to dissolve the council in response to an angry outbreak at a meeting of commissioners in September 1650. On June 23, 1780, the British attacked soldiers under the command of Nathanael Greene. Locomotion was also improved; Hoboken-born inventor John Stevens built a 10-ton locomotive and his son Robert L. Stevens started constructing iron railroads. "State Legislative Parties in the Jacksonian Era: New Jersey 1829–1844,", Prince, Carl E. "Patronage and a Party Machine: New Jersey Democratic-Republican Activists, 1801–1816,", This page was last edited on 19 December 2020, at 17:05. Transportation became much easier through the 1920s. In 1985, the port was the busiest in the world. During the Mexican–American War, a battalion of volunteers from New Jersey, in four companies, was active from September 1847 to July 1848. Camp Merritt, in Cresskill, was activated for use in World War I. Historians have examined the emergence of the Second Party System at the state and local level. 1930-1932. In the year 1664, the Duke of York, proprietary of the province of New York, assigned to Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret the tract of country to the east of the Delaware River, and extending to the Hudson and the Atlantic. No specific agreements were reached, especially in the area of restrictions on anti-ballistic missile systems. 1680 – Duke of York's Second Grant to William Penn, Gawn Lawry, Nicholas Lucas, John Eldridge, Edmund Warner, and Edward Byllynge, for the Soil and Government of West New Jersey-August 6; 1681 – Province of West New-Jersey, in America, The 25th of the Ninth Month Called November; 1682 – Duke of York's Confirmation to the 24 Proprietors: 14 March Trenton, which had served briefly as the national capital in 1784, was made the state capital in 1790. Senate President Richard Codey served as Acting Governor (then Governor) in McGreevey's place. Scheltema, Gajus and Westerhuijs, Heleen (eds.). New Jersey; Beginnings [1]. The goal was to benefit existing urban and older suburban areas and to protect the state’s natural resources. Since New Jersey was ideally located next to the Atlantic Ocean, colonists farmed, fished, and traded by sea. Edison worked in Menlo Park, and was known as "the Wizard of Menlo Park" for his many inventions; over the course of his life, he was granted 1,093 patents. In addition, Seabrook Farms took advantage of Japanese-American labor to increase productivity when the government allowed small groups of people from the internment camps to work there. It was called "America's First Defense Airport" because it was opened as a gunnery training area for fighter pilots. Standard Oil had controlled nearly 90% of refined oil flows into the United States, having a near complete monopoly upon it. Governors were allowed to serve four years instead of three, and the Legislature was constituted with a 40-member Senate and an 80-member General Assembly. After the victory, George Washington led the army back across the Delaware River into Pennsylvania. Many people had believed the bulletin to be real, causing them to flee the New Jersey area or to blockade their homes to ensure safety from the reported monsters. On July 2, 1776, the first Constitution of New Jersey was drafted, creating a basic framework for the state government. The New Jersey Colony was founded by Sir George Carteret and Lord Berkeley in 1664. On December 18, 1787, New Jersey became the third state to ratify the United States Constitution, and on November 20, 1789, New Jersey became the first state in the Nation to ratify the United States Bill of Rights. [15] However, the two proprietors found collecting the quitrents difficult, and on March 18, 1674 Berkeley sold his share of New Jersey to the Quakers.[16][17]. Contrary to popular belief, the Hindenburg had flown an entire year of successful voyages before it caught on fire. Until 1738 a single governor ruled New Jersey and New York. A $15 fee to be paid by credit/debit card, cash, check, or money order (payable to NJMVC). In 1938, Orson Welles produced The War of the Worlds radio broadcast. Kearny distinguished himself as a brilliant officer during the Peninsula Campaign, and was promoted to the position of major general. History of the Division : The Division of Alcoholic Beverage Control (Division of ABC or ABC) is responsible for regulating the commerce of alcoholic beverages within the State of New Jersey. Scientists since then have debated which shark species was responsible, with the Great White Shark as the most cited. See. [24] As agriculture became a less reliable source of income for New Jerseyans, many began turning towards more industrialized methods. However, the English seized the Dutch colony of New Netherland in 1664. As a result, people who had never been farther than the outskirts of their hometown now could travel around the state. Streissguth, Thomas (2002). New Jersey was one of the original thirteen colonies that joined in the struggle for independence from Great Britain. By the mid-1830s the Democrats and the Whigs had fully mobilize practically all of the voters into pro-and anti--Jackson coalitions. During the war Long Pond Ironworks and Batsto Iron Works (both founded 1766) supplied munitions to American troops.
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