Among the patients with COVID-19 in the acute phase of the disease, approximately 10% exhibited ocular symptoms, particularly related to ocular surface (conjunctivitis, red eye, foreign body. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Case report details. In conclusion, our results suggest that long-term complications of the eye are unlikely after recovery from COVID-19, although receptors allowing for SARS-CoV-2 entry are present in the conjunctiva, limbal superficial cells, retina and aqueous humor. A complete ophthalmological exam including functional and imaging end points (including optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT angiography) was performed. 2020;92(6):58994. Dr. Dunn has served on several committees within the American Optometric Association, and she is currently the Membership Director of the Oregon Optometric Physicians Association. PubMed BMC Ophthalmol. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Question Do COVID-19 patients suffer from long-term ocular side effects after recovery? Since COVID-19 shows more severe courses in older patients, findings of decreased vessel density might not be due to past inflammatory processes, but rather represent normal age related alterations [41]. Tara Robertson took up gaming after completing her active military service and her new hobby came with a sharp increase in screen time. Lancet Lond Engl. Presenting and DBCVA were significantly different (p0.03, Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test) in mild-to-moderate, severe, and critical groups, except for the left eyes (LE) in the mild-to-moderate group. Even people with relatively mild infections can be left with . Lipid Res. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate through each slide. Google Scholar. Third, we did not control our data for climate factors, which may have influenced the results related to dry eye signs and symptoms. 28, 922925. In a Brazilian study, the myopias prevalence varied from 10 to 35% (ages ranging from 30 to 59 years old), and hyperopia varied from 30 to 60%22. Sixty-four patients (128 eyes) were evaluated 8236.4 days after the onset of COVIDs symptoms. Google Scholar. Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich. https://doi.org/10.5935/0004-2749.20170005 (2017). Xia J, Tong J, Liu M, Shen Y, Guo D. Evaluation of coronavirus in tears and Conjunctival secretions of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90482-2, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90482-2. To describe the medium-term ophthalmological findings in patients recovering from COVID-19. PubMed volume21, Articlenumber:421 (2021) 2020;27:100550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100550. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Concerning the demographics and clinical data related to the clinical manifestations of the disease, nine (14.0%) were healthcare professionals (one medical doctor, two registered nurses, and six auxiliary nurses), 29 (45.3%) were obese (body mass index higher than 30), 12 (18.7%) were previous smokers, and one is currently smoking (1.5%). The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Pereira LA, Soares LCM, Nascimento PA, Cirillo LRN, Sakuma HT, Veiga GL d, et al. We would like to thank all patients and the study team of our Clinic of Ophthalmology. PubMed Central Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. Regarding diabetic retinopathy, its frequency was 52.7% in our sample, which is a higher frequency than the overall prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in a previously diabetic population (34.6%)27. The macular architecture was evaluated using a standard 2015 tracking protocol, consisting of 19 horizontal sections (each from 25 frames) with a distance of 240 m between each scan, covering the 2015 quadrilateral in the retina, centered on the fovea. 2020;181(2):271280.e8. Goldmann tonometry (mmHg) and refractometry with values displayed in spherical equivalent (sph eq), defined as spherical error plus half the cylindrical error, were also registered. Visual acuity was the same as pre-COVID-19 in all eyes, and no traces of ocular inflammation, infiltration or microvascular insult could be found on OCT and OCT angiography. Cite this article. Schellini, S. A. et al. The long-term visual recovery in these cases is variable, ranging from complete recovery to significant visual loss," said the doctor. The mean age (SD) of the patients was 48.7 (18.3) years. Isolation of a Novel Coronavirus from a Man with Pneumonia in Saudi Arabia | NEJM. However, only 31.2% reported that it appeared or worsened simultaneously with the acute phase of COVID-19. For the purpose of this prospective cross-sectional case study, 21 patients who had recovered from a COVID-19 infection were recruited. Is COVID-19 is affecting your eyes? | Mint https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v91i1.9397 (2020). Jakob Siedlecki and Siegfried G. Priglinger contributed equally to this work. Hamming I, Timens W, Bulthuis M, Lely A, Navis G, van Goor H. Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus. 2020;579(7798):2703. Mean visual acuity was 1.040.2 on the right and 1.010.2 on the left eye. SARS-CoV-2 entry factors are highly expressed in nasal epithelial cells together with innate immune genes. Most of the patients attending this ambulatory have been previously hospitalized in Hospital das Clnicas de Ribeiro Preto complex with severe or critical clinical picture. Article All data and examination findings are stored in accordance with the data protection guidelines of the LMU. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. In these first publications about PCS, we did not find any information about ocular manifestations persisting after COVID-19, and it is not possible to know if they were not there or if they were not reported, investigated or documented. Therefore, our data is subjected to selection bias and may overestimate the frequency of some abnormalities found. 2020;395(10237):1610. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31014-X. In some people, post- COVID-19 syndrome lasts months or years or causes disability. Together, they were able to work through a treatment plan to help Mark on his road to recovery. Zhong NS, Zheng BJ, Li YM, Null P, Xie ZH, Chan KH, Li PH, Tan SY, Chang Q, Xie JP, Liu XQ, Xu J, Li DX, Yuen KY, Null P, Guan Y. J. Thromb. A new study finds that people with severe COVID-19 may be at risk for certain eye abnormalities. Research suggests that between one month and one year after having COVID-19, 1 in 5 people ages 18 to 64 has at least one medical condition that might be due to COVID-19. HCA Lung Biological Network, Sungnak W, Huang N, Bcavin C, Berg M, Queen R, et al. statement and Indian J Ophthalmol. Correspondence to Acta Biomed. 3. In our study we did not see more dilated vessels, microaneurysms, areas of non-perfusion or other microvascular anomalies. Arq. https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2020.1792512 (2020). We also performed biomicroscopy and dry eye tests. JAMA 324, 603605. Interestingly, the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 shows a paradoxical relationship with the spread of malaria disease in Africa [18]. Due to the small sample size, future studies with more participants, with and without ocular symptoms combined with a long follow up are necessary to provide further evidence. Napoli PE, Nioi M, Fossarello M. The Quarantine Dry Eye: the lockdown for coronavirus disease 2019 and its implications for ocular surface health. Fair allocation of scarce medical resources in the time of Covid-19. Interestingly, one not hospitalized patient experienced extended loss of olfactory sensation for at least 1.5months. contracts here. Findings In this prospective cross-sectional study, patients who had suffered from previous COVID-19 had no long-term side effects at 3 months after recovery. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-317576 (2020). TMPRSS2 is found mainly in the superficial conjunctiva but also together with ACE2 in limbal superficial cells [22]. Only subtle retinal changes with a good visual prognosis may be directly related to COVID-19 infection in the medium-term. Retinal vein occlusion When a vein in the retina becomes blocked, blood can't drain out like it should. Further studies with a longer follow-up and a larger sample size are warranted. 4 Ways COVID Leaves Its Mark on the Eye Retinal findings in hospitalised patients with severe COVID-19. S. Michalakis Co-founder and shareholder of ViGeneron GmbH. 2020. Patients were recruited during follow-up by the infectious disease ambulatory care after the acute phase of the disease. The ACE2 was found in the eye in addition to the Cornea [22] and conjunctiva [23], also in the retina [24] and aqueous humor [25]. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(03)14630-2. Due to the randomized recruitment of patients, unfortunately no patients with acute phase ocular lesions were included in this study. This study has several limitations. Castro, J. S. et al. Can COVID-19 Cause Eye Infections and Other Eye Issues? Long-term ocular damage after recovery from COVID-19: lack of evidence Mongkolchon Akesin/iStock via Getty Images By now, we all know that COVID-19 affects important organs like the lungs and the heart. N Engl J Med. And thirdly, the binding of the viral Spike protein via the ACE2 receptor and the transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2), responsible of SARS-CoV-2 entry in to the host cell [16, 17], found both in tissue of the eye. retinal vessels [34]. The most common findings are cough, low-grade fever, and fatigue, all of which may relapse and remit. Prog. Prolonged screen time from streaming can put a strain on the eyes so an annual appointment with her doctor of optometry is vital for her to stay healthy. Nioi M, Napoli PE, Lobina J, Fossarello M, dAloja E. COVID-19 and Italian healthcare workers from the initial sacrifice to the MRNA vaccine: pandemic Chrono-history, epidemiological data, ethical dilemmas, and future challenges. The mild but statistically significant increase in the intraocular pressures observed between severe and critical cases might be associated with the systemic use of corticosteroids in a large portion of patients (48.3% used it in this sample)26. & Sahu, K. K. Impact on mental health by Living in Isolation and Quarantine during COVID-19 pandemic. All authors revied the manuscript. 1) and the other in the RE. To obtain Qing H, Li Z, Yang Z, Shi M, Huang Z, Song J, Song Z. She is passionate about teaching, so in addition to being an assistant professor, she now has fouirth-year optometry students rotating through her clinic. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention currently lists a number of common symptoms for COVID-19, but the majority of them are related to respiratory issues and fever, with no mention of eye issues. CAS No microaneurysms, areas of non-perfusion or other microvascular anomalies were found in any of the eyes. They show milder courses in malaria disease and appear to be protected against SARS-CoV-2. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. National Library of Medicine Fritz Gerald P. Kalaw, Alexandra Warter, William R. Freeman, Emine Kaya-Guner, Aslihan Sahin, Dilek Yilmaz, Usanee Tungsattayathitthan, Narisa Rattanalert & Wantanee Sittivarakul, Dinah Zur, Michaella Goldstein, Zohar Habot-Wilner, Yu-Chun Cheng, Eugene Yu-Chuan Kang, Ching-Hsi Hsiao, Alessandro Invernizzi, Marco Schiuma, Giovanni Staurenghi, Irmak Karaca, Gunay Uludag, Quan Dong Nguyen, Haya H. Al-Ani, Joanne L. Sims & Rachael L. Niederer, Rana Khalil, Harry Petrushkin, Mark Westcott, Scientific Reports