Fringe science - Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core Germ theory denialism - Wikipedia All That's Interesting is a Brooklyn-based digital publisher that seeks out stories that illuminate the past, present, and future. According to a theory first formed by archaeologist Brian Hayden in the 1950s, our early ancestors began brewing and drinking beer as a way of forming relationships within their ever-expanding communities. Little is known about the true origin of the Toledot, but many feel it was circulated orally before being put into various literary forms. : Fringe science. 30 Interesting Scientific Theories: Fringe theories that oppose reliably sourced researchdenialist histories, for exampleshould be described clearly within their own articles, but should not be given undue weight in more general discussions of the topic. According to some revisionist historians, most notably a former Soviet intelligence officer named Vladimir Rezun, Stalins mobilization of millions of men across the countrys European borders was not a defensive one. . The idea has been picked up by journalists in Palestine, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia, who have claimed that Franklins prophecy is now coming true in the US administration.. The careful use of sources is vital when writing about criticism of fringe theories. Fringe ideas that go against mainstream scientific thought are effectively a constant in most areas of science, and there are a number of examples where the ideas have moved from the fringes. It is important that original hypotheses that have gone through peer review do not get presented in Wikipedia as representing scientific consensus or fact. On the day of the shooting, two State Police officers and an FBI agent interviewed Todashev for approximately eight hours before he confessed to being involved with Tamerlan Tsarnaev in the 2011 murders. Bio weaponization is nothing new. If discussed in an article about a mainstream idea, a theory that is not broadly supported by scholarship in its field must not be given undue weight,[1] and reliable sources must be cited that affirm the relationship of the marginal idea to the mainstream idea in a serious and substantial manner. Ideas that are of borderline or minimal notability may be mentioned in Wikipedia, but should not be given undue weight. Jeffrey Amherst, infamous racist douchebag, goes down in history for giving Native Americans blankets covered in smallpox germs to Extirpate this Execrable Race.. It has expanded to suggest that human exposure to bacteria is important for immune system development. In 1215, King John enacted the Magna Carta, which was one of the first documents to support democracy. It said that no freeman could be punished except by the law of the people. While a lack of peer-reviewed sources does not automatically mean that the subject should be excluded from Wikipedia, there must be adequate reliable sources to allow the subject to be covered in sufficient detail without engaging in original research. The company didnt respond to our request for a price quote, but we can go ahead and assume most people arent going to be running out to buy one anytime soon. During the Middle Ages, invading armies would fling plague-ridden corpses over castle walls. The book was first translated into Latin by a Dominican friar named Ramon Marti in the 1200s. Wikipedia is not and must not become the validating source for non-significant subjects, and it is not a forum for original research. - According to Fomenko, Jesus Christ Himself lived during this period, and it was His death that sparked the Crusades. For instance, continental drift was heavily criticized because there was no known mechanism for continents to move and the proposed mechanisms were implausible. The 10 Most Fascinating (And Terrifying) Fringe Sciences - All That's Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. In 1937, Jewish scholar Hugh J. Schonfield published a book that suggested the Toledot was older than originally thought and may be the Gospel of the Hebrews. The document has fallen out of popularity but remains a point of controversy in the Christian faith. They are needed to demonstrate that an idea is sufficiently notable to merit a dedicated article about it. Scholarly opinion is generally the most authoritative source to identify the mainstream view. Currently, Beale is planning to cross the Atlantic with another replica, in a bid to prove that the Phoenicians could have made it all the way to America. Despite the evidence, many people in Mexico have suspected that Heriberto Lazcano is still alive. (PDF) The search for new drugs: a theory of R&D in the pharmaceutical The speech uses 19th- and 20th-century terminology, and in reality, Benjamin Franklin was extremely friendly toward the Jewish people. To fight the cold temperature, their bodies eventually became covered with subcutaneous fat. [2]:172 One example of such is plate tectonics, an idea which had its origin in the fringe science of continental drift and was rejected for decades. We still use all sorts of drugs to try and utilize all the nooks and crannies of the brain. The more appropriate . [2] :58 [3] The general public has difficulty distinguishing . Pseudoscience generally proposes changes in the basic laws of nature to allow some phenomenon which the supporters want to believe occurs, but lack the strong scientific evidence or rigour that would justify such major changes. In the book, Mary is said to have been seduced by a soldier named Ben Pandera before giving birth to Jesus. Brooks-Baker also claimed that Queen Elizabeth is related to the Prophet Mohammed. For example, the lives of the Israeli kingsSaul, David, and Solomonbecame known in Japanese history as those of emperors Chiuai, Sujin, and Suinin. In 1902, Mary Baker Eddy became the first person to trace the lineage of Queen Victoria to King David. In effect, Fomenkos theory also extended to other timelines, as evidenced by his portrayal of King Arthur as a Russian prince who once reigned over Britain. Articles which cover controversial, disputed, or discounted ideas in detail should document (with reliable sources) the current level of their acceptance among the relevant academic community. In other words, its the attempt to create human-robot hybrids which, as we know from EVERY MOVIE EVER MADE ON THE SUBJECT, never ends well. In a narrower sense, the term fringe theory is commonly used as a pejorative; it is roughly synonymous with the term pseudo . Lucky for us theres no disease that turns humans into flesh eating zombies. Independent sources are also necessary to determine the relationship of a fringe theory to mainstream scholarly discourse. The no original research policy strongly encourages the collection and organization of information from existing secondary sources, and allows for careful use of primary sources. Fringe reports have been published claiming that Tokyo is becoming highly contaminated with radiation. For more criteria, see Trefil, James S. (1978). Even reputable news outlets have been known to publish credulous profiles of fringe theories and their proponents, and there continue to be many completely unreliable sources masquerading as legitimate. Lazcano was a highly skilled military technician and received training in jungle and urban warfare. Scientists must evaluate the plausibility of each new fringe claim, and certain fringe discoveries "will later graduate into the ranks of accepted" while others "will never receive confirmation". Some historical ideas that are considered to have been refuted by mainstream science are: Relatively recent fringe sciences include: Some theories that were once rejected as fringe science, but were eventually accepted as mainstream science, are: Michael W. Friedlander has suggested some guidelines for responding to fringe science, which, he argues, is a more difficult problem[2]:174 than scientific misconduct. There are people who are notable enough to have articles included in Wikipedia solely on the basis of their advocacy of fringe beliefs. 1Identifying fringe theories Toggle Identifying fringe theories subsection 1.1Spectrum of fringe theories 1.1.1Pseudoscience 1.1.2Questionable science 1.1.3Alternative theoretical formulations 2Sourcing Toggle Sourcing subsection 2.1Reliable sources 2.2Independent sources 2.3Parity of sources 2.4Attribution 2.4.1Quotations [7], Although most fringe science is rejected, the scientific community has come to accept some portions of it. They found that coins, monuments, and other artifacts of that period barely mention anything about Muhammad and Islam. If psychedelic plants have the ability to induce a veritable religious experience, then surely they could also have been instrumental in fast-forwarding our ancestors evolution? Of course, for any viewpoint described in an article, only reliable sources should be used; Wikipedia's verifiability and biographies of living persons policies are not suspended simply because the topic is a fringe theory. The connotation of "fringe science" is that the enterprise is rational but is unlikely to produce good results for a variety of reasons, including incomplete or contradictory evidence. Second, His disciples took away His body quickly, and prepared His burial in secret. 30 Interesting Scientific Theories - Ungroovygords He was also familiar with explosives and grenade-launchers. It is a generally accepted standard that editors should attempt to follow, though it is best treated with, For what to do with a subject that does not qualify for a separate article, see. [2]:178-9, Friedlander suggests that fringe science is necessary so that mainstream science will not atrophy. Reliable sources are needed for any article in Wikipedia. Research on the Y-chromosomes of Jews has suggested that they are closely related to other populations from the Middle East, such as Arabs, Turks, and Kurds. Points that are not discussed in independent sources should not be given any space in articles. "[31], The media also play a role in propagating the belief that certain fields of science are controversial. Later on, he claimed that the followers of a mysterious figure named Severus Archontius (an allusion to Frederick II of the Holy Roman Empire) perpetrated these false documents. In his work, Brooks-Baker suggested that every US presidential election has been won by the candidate with the most royal blood. inquiry in an established field of study which departs significantly from mainstream theories in that field and is considered to be questionable by the mainstream. Jamie founded Listverse due to an insatiable desire to share fascinating, obscure, and bizarre facts. Further elaborating the continuous magnetization model of uniaxial permanent magnets and magnetic actuation principles at the high fields (28-31), in this study, we present a canvas of UHF magnetic guidewire steering strategies in the MRI scanner ().By challenging the common assumption that the magnetic objects are fully aligned with the ultrahigh MRI main field (8, 27), we observed that the . Currently, about 400 tons of groundwater enter the reactor basements of the facility each day. One estimate has suggested that more than 150 million Americans might be of royal descent. It was initially reported that Todashev was killed while alone with the FBI agent. . Heriberto Lazcano Lazcano was the leader of the Los Zetas drug cartel until his death in a shootout with police on October 7, 2012. Similarly to the Christ Myth, this theory holds that the founder of Islam never existed at all. A concept that was once accepted by the mainstream scientific community may become fringe science because of a later evaluation of previous research. A superseded, or obsolete, scientific theory is a scientific theory that was once commonly accepted but (for whatever reason) is no longer considered the most complete description of reality by mainstream science; or a falsifiable theory which has been shown to be false. Kalisch explains that the newly emerged Arab empire combined Jesus and Moses in order to create a unifying symbol for its people (Kalisch also believes the Islamic conquests never happened). One publication has even speculated that the hygiene hypothesis could be responsible for autism. The radiation cloud will continue to move around the world for decades, while the Pacific Ocean will be polluted by the complete failure of the power plant. 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In August 2012, it was reported that Miguel Trevio Morales had replaced Lazcano as the leader of Los Zetas. The movie examines a large number of TV outtakes that touch on the 1992 presidential election, the LA riots, and abortion protests. It is also best to avoid hiding all disputations in an end criticism section, but instead work for integrated, easy to read, and accurate article prose. Academic and peer-reviewed publications are usually the most reliable sources in areas where they are available, but material from reliable non-academic sources may also be used in these areas. Our ancestors moved on to other sources of food, resulting in modern humans reverting to a comparatively primal state. Superseded scientific theories. Fringe science - Wikipedia Germ theory denialism is the pseudoscientific belief that germs do not cause infectious disease, and that the germ theory of disease is wrong. Fringe science is a branch of science that departs from the established scientific theories. As we have previously discussed, fringe theories contain premises and ideas that radically differ from the mainstream point of view. For example, the Book of Genesis itself should be primarily covered as a work of ancient literature, as part of the Hebrew or Christian Bible, or for its theological significance, rather than as a cosmological theory. A claim of peer review is not an indication that the journal is respected, or that any meaningful peer review occurs. After exhaustively studying the case, they claimed that Gilles de Rais was truly innocenta victim of circumstantial evidence.. By the same token, the purpose of Wikipedia is not to offer originally synthesized prose "debunking" notable ideas which the scientific community may consider to be absurd or unworthy. One of the most infamous Mexican drug lords in history, Lazcano was known for his extreme violence, and built an empire of 10,000 gunmen that spread from the Rio Grande into Central America. Almost immediately, they started to complain of respiratory distress and illness. The problem with pseudoscience - EMBO Press Fringe: Season 1 [Blu-ray] 883929075812 | eBay Fringe science topics Mind Control Pyrokinesis Teleportation Psychokinesis Nanotechnology Artificial Intelligence Precognition Dark Matter Suspend Animation Cybernetics Transmogrification Hypnosis ESP Neuroscience Clairaudience Hive Mind Parallel Universes Cryonics Astral Projection Protoscience Mutation Genetic Engineering Transhumanism Category:Fringe science - Wikimedia Commons But the public is ignorant of the fact that "As science progresses from ignorance to understanding it must pass through a transitional phase of confusion and uncertainty. Unlike pseudo-science, it still uses the scientific method, but is highly speculative. Historians such as Robert Spencer and, more recently, Sven Muhammad Kalisch cite several historical inaccuracies that give weight to this theory. The hygiene hypothesis is a theory that says children in developed countries may be more susceptible to allergic diseases because of a lack of exposure to certain infectious agents, which has caused a problem with the natural development of the immune systems. Economics . In 1919, the British-Israel-World Federation was set up in London and joined by some prominent political figures, including the Prime Minister of New Zealand, William Massey. Proposals that are generally considered pseudoscience by the scientific community, such as astrology, may properly contain that information and may be categorized as pseudoscience. Likewise, an alleged speech by Stalin supposedly indicates that he hoped that Germanys war with Britain and France would leave the three countries exhausted, consequently making them easy pickings for the Soviets. Note that fringe journals exist, some of which claim peer review. The quote should only be included if it can be contextualized in a verifiable and neutral sense as a point of view of the Bigfoot Field Researchers Association and not necessarily a factual statement. Supporters of this idea state that the Phoenicians certainly had the means to carry out transatlantic voyages. 4.5: Examples of Social Science Theories Remember the Latin Bible? He even contributed toward building the first permanent synagogue in Philadelphia. In addition, the Phoenicians proved that they could complete long voyages by accomplishing what is believed to be the first recorded circumnavigation of Africa, in 600 B.C. Despite the theorys popularity, modern human genetics doesnt support the idea. Yes, that is correct, his name is Rich Walker. Many fringe ideas aren't inherently dangerous, but in some cases, they spark valid concern from scientists, such as the claim that COVID-19 vaccines can alter your DNA. In the Middle Ages, the Toledot Yeshu was apparently used by some Jewish communities in order to discredit Christianity. Such claims may contain or be followed by qualifiers to maintain neutralitye.g. Psychological Theories: Definition, Types, and Examples - Verywell Mind And maintaining a steady supply of booze required relatively intensive farming techniques that were incompatible with the nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyle. The Nazi invasion, code-named Operation Barbarossa, caught the Soviets totally off guard, since they did not expect the Germans to attack. This one is pretty self-explanatory. The speech is said to include Franklin saying that the Jewish people will amass in large numbers and attempt to change the US government. Such theories strive to explain different mental processes including how the mind processes information and how our thoughts lead to certain emotions and behaviors. Claims derived from fringe theories should be carefully attributed to an appropriate source and located within a contexte.g. While pseudoscience may, in some cases, be significant to an article, it should not obfuscate the description or prominence of the mainstream views. 10 Ways Fringe Science Improved The World - Listverse A fringe theory is an idea or viewpoint held by a small group of supporters. This feat was verified by sailor Philip Beale. The theft caused police to investigate further and discover that the fingerprints of the dead man matched those of Lazcano. "An electron has a mass that is approximately 1/1836 that of the proton.". In particular, the relative space that an article devotes to different aspects of a fringe theory should follow from consideration primarily of the independent sources. It presumes that individual behavior represents conscious reasoned choice, and is shaped by cognitive thinking . The majority of the scholars have so far rejected this theory, and cited the many medical improbabilities required for Jesuss escape. In 1614, the book was reprinted by Jewish apostate Samuel Friedrich Brenz and presented as fact. In the case of obscure fringe theories, secondary sources that describe the theories should be carefully vetted for reliability. The mere mention of Jesus is usually enough to provoke a whole slew of controversies, directly or indirectly tied to Him. The 10 Most Fascinating (And Terrifying) Fringe Sciences. [2]:176, The term "fringe science" covers everything from novel hypotheses which can be tested by means of the scientific method to wild ad hoc hypotheses and mumbo jumbo. Fringe est une srie tlvise amricaine de science-fiction et d'horreur en cent pisodes de 42 minutes co-cre par J. J. Abrams, Alex Kurtzman et Roberto Orci et diffuse entre le 9 septembre 2008 et le 18 janvier 2013 sur le rseau Fox et en simultan au Canada sur /A\ [2] (avec quelques pisodes sur CTV [3]) pour les deux premires saisons, puis sur Citytv [4]. Notable perspectives which are primarily non-scientific in nature but which contain claims concerning scientific phenomena should not be treated exclusively as scientific theory and handled on that basis. One of the primary tenets of the theory is that the British Royal Family is directly descended from King David. Wikipedia:Fringe theories/Arbitration cases, Wikipedia's policies on original research, stated simply as facts rather than recast as opinions, completely unreliable sources masquerading as legitimate, Wikipedia:Template messages/Sources of articles, Wikipedia:Why Wikipedia cannot claim the Earth is not flat, Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration/Pseudoscience, Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration/Fringe science, Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration/Barrett v. Rosenthal, Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration/Climate change, Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration/Homeopathy, Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration/Cold fusion, Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration/September 11 conspiracy theories, Wikipedia:Arbitration/Requests/Case/Shakespeare authorship question, Wikipedia:Neutral point of view#Due and undue weight, Synthesis of published material that advances a position, "JOURNAL of FRONTIER SCIENCE Peer Review Blog", Do not include copies of lengthy primary sources, Do not disrupt Wikipedia to illustrate a point, Categories, lists, and navigation templates, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Fringe_theories&oldid=1152016868, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 27 April 2023, at 17:09. In August 2013, the Japanese government announced that Fukushima had experienced a massive leak of radiation-contaminated water. In 1992, a group of scholars conducted a reenactment of the infamous trial, in order to test this theory. If the status of a given idea changes, then Wikipedia changes to reflect that change. So far, this unconventional view has sparked great controversy. They should not be classified as pseudoscience but should still be put into context with respect to the mainstream perspective. The point is not only to demonstrate that the heterogeneity of the fringe defies simple classification and dismissal, but also to suggest that focusing on the content of the theories is not the most productive way to understand the durability of fringe science. While undoubtedly outlandish, this was by no means the only crazy evolutionary theory about our ancestors. See Wikipedia:Fringe theories/Arbitration cases. [4] Poorly conducted research, research fraud and other types of bad science are not necessarily pseudoscientific refer to reliable sources to find the appropriate characterisation. We can thank those two for fringe outfits, flower headbands, and probably Coachella. It can be an unverified hypothesis, historical hoax, or pseudoscientific discovery. The theory has been used to explain a wide number of medical trends, including the fact that people in developed nations suffer from more allergies, have widespread autoimmune diseases, and have a problem with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in young people. The farcical nature (torture, wild testimonies, and so on) through which medieval trials were conducted also gave credence to this notion. Such examples of this are the existence of Troy,[5][6] the Norse colonization of the Americas, and the Big Bang Theory.[7]. 1. Pseudoscience usually relies on attacking mainstream scientific theories and methodology while lacking a critical discourse itself (as is common among proponents of creation science), relies on weak evidence such as anecdotal evidence or weak statistical evidence (as for example in parapsychology), or indulges a suspect theoretical premise (such as the claims of water memory made by advocates of homeopathy). According to the so-called swoon theory, Jesus had merely fainted from His injuries or drank a drug that made Him lose consciousness. Jamie founded Listverse due to an insatiable desire to share fascinating, obscure, and bizarre facts. Likewise, views of adherents should not be excluded from an article on creation science solely on the basis that their work lacks peer review. One important barometer for determining the notability and level of acceptance of fringe ideas related to science, history or other academic pursuits is the presence or absence of peer-reviewed research on the subject. To determine whether something is pseudoscientific or merely an alternative theoretical formulation, consider this: Alternative theoretical formulations generally tweak things on the frontiers of science, or deal with strong, puzzling evidencewhich is difficult to explain awayin an effort to create a model that better explains reality. The pop science audience is in millions and you can't assume they all have similar opinions. Supporters of this theory claim that documents exist pointing to the Soviets discussing an attack on Germany. Yet. Fringe (srie tlvise) Wikipdia However, ideas should not be excluded from the encyclopedia simply because they are widely held to be wrong.