The University Of Iowa's Only Student Newspaper. So even before his military career hed suffered many blows to the head and been knocked out a few times. Graduating with a Bachelor of Arts from Kings University College at Western University, her portfolio includes coverage of digital media, current affairs, history and true crime. Now Luttrell has paired up with the Boot Campaign, a Texas-based national charity that supports veterans through the sale of its signature combat boots. "I'll never regret saving Marcus," he says. And by the time Gulab's plane landed in Kabul, the Taliban had bootleg versions of it. Clare Fitzgerald is a Writer and Editor with eight years of experience in the online content sphere. For days, Mohammad Gulab and his fellow villagers protected him from a Taliban-linked militia in northeastern Afghanistan. On the evening of April 1, 2009, Marcus Luttrell heard a gunshot. Yet Luttrell, he claims, had dropped the subject. After regaining consciousness, Marcus evaded the pursuing enemy with the help of local Pashtun villagers including Mohammad Gulab, Eventually, Mohammad was sent as an emissary to the nearest U.S. base to secure Marcuss safe rescue and ultimately saved his life. They attempted to radio for advice, but comms were down. He was also fined $1,000. They granted Marcus a medical retirement in 2009 through the Board for the Correction of Naval Records. They took fire from RPK machine guns, AK-47s, RPG-7s, as well as 82mm mortars. 3/3 planned and executed approximately one of these operations per month, maintaining a consistent operational tempo. But it wasn't Luttrell who saved him from the Taliban; the two had a falling out over money, respect and what really happened to the SEALs on that tragic day. "The bottom line," Wildes says, "was to get him the hell out. With no map, compass or medical gear, he began packing his wounds with mud. Change). Even with his friends behind him, Gulab still had to wait months to leave the country for India. The herders were unarmed, which meant they were non-combatants and unequipped to fight the SEALs. He said goodbye to his country forever. Shortly after beginning a four-mile trek in the sodden mud and freezing rain, Luttrell's fears were realised, as they became 'starkly silhouetted against a treeless mountain above a Taliban-occupied village,' the moon casting their shadows into the slope. But it wasn't with Marcus. All he could do now was belly crawl. Don't Even Google It. As the car sped away, the Navy SEAL jumped into his pickup truck and began what quickly became a high-speed chase, with both vehicles clocking in at over 100 M.P.H. He and his brother, who both stand 6-foot-5 and weigh about 230 pounds, grew up riding horses and playing football. My backs been reconstructed. Yet somehow Luttrell found the strength to move, crawling into a "crevasse" and waiting until it was safe to emerge. Saving Luttrell was an extraordinary act of courage, and it destroyed Gulab's life. I tell him I'm not insulted, and he relaxes, opens up. On June 24, Vocativ published the story, and it quickly went viral. For more than a decade, the Taliban's threats kept him awake at night. The SEALs were forced by the attackers into the northeast gorge of the Shuryek Valley side of Sawtalo Sar. "If Marcus had got behind this book, it would have made a ton of money," he says. This was not an idle threat. Around noon, as the Americans hid among rocks and fallen trees, a goat herder stumbled across Luttrell as two other herders, one of them a teenage boy, trailed behind with roughly 100 goats. But he's not afraid. Hes going to be treated just like anyone else, Hart said. But as Robinson went through Luttrell's version of what happened in Afghanistan, Gulab thought many parts of the story were not the way he remembered them. I was trying with everything I had to get to him, and he started screaming my name. Luttrell, 38, is in the constant presence of his white Labrador service dog Mr. Rigby, who helps to calm him. He has said in multiple interviews that the choice he made in Pech has stayed with him every day since the operation. For Gulab, there's a telling passage in the last chapter that shows how The Lion of Sabray echoes Luttrell's side of the story. When Luttrell started on his masters degree, Hart told him to think of it as academic boot camp. Luttrell recounted his experiences in the book, "Lone Survivor," which has inspired a movie adaptation of the same name featuring Mark Wahlberg. The four of us are going to eat at an Afghan restaurant on the other side of town. So that pretty much makes me a coward. The U.S. military and those who support it are becoming increasingly aware of the concept of moral crisis -- some service members returning home are finding it difficult to understand and accept the actions they took while on active duty. Operation Red Wings. Man convicted in death of war They named him Axe. And he was going to work in teams with students who were much younger. The model for this program came from Luttrells own experience trying to recover from the nightmare of war. Others associated with the Lone Survivor movie and book were also approached with similar requests, at about the same time. Upon returning from the war, Luttrell was given a Labrador Retriever DASY which he named after his comrades whod lost their lives during Operation Red Wings. Luttrell was understandably apprehensive about what Hollywood might do with his story, and spent substantial time sizing up Berg, initially meeting him back in 2007. Also, he won a Navy and Marine Corps Achievement Medal with a V device, another unit, and personal awards. Their functions include conducting small-unit special operation missions in maritime, mountainous, arctic, urban, and jungle. Later, the villager claims, he asked the interpreter if Luttrell and Universal would draw up a contract. In the interview, Luttrell fights back tears as he relives the personal hell that he experienced and the kindness of an Afghan tribe that enabled him to live for six days until his rescue by U.S. armed forces. He had friends in the States and contacts in Kabul, but no one seemed able to help. Luttrell responded enthusiastically and said he'd been trying to get in touch. Shahidullah says. ", That conversation was one of the last Gulab says he had with Luttrell in the U.S. Not long after the 60 Minutes interview, Gulab returned to the home of the translator's parents in California. To prove it, the second person dialed Gulab into the call. The problem with our wars today is there's no uniform. mainland.". The U.S. was performing security checks, and there was nothing to do but wait. They medically discharged Marcus from the Navy in the same year. Marcus Luttrell Has A Twin Brother And Hes A Neuroscientist Before they parted, Luttrell tried to give Gulab his watch, a token of his gratitude, but the villager declined. The impact broke his back in six places, and he sustained major damage to his spinal cord. 4 Who was the only survivor of Operation Red Wings? 'The screaming had stopped. On February 2, 2001, he earned his Navy Enlistment Classification 5326 Combatant Swimmer and Navy Special Warfare Insignia. But about a month after his last conversation with Luttrell, Gulab says the interpreter abruptly announced it was time to return to Houston, and they did. Get the latest in military news, entertainment and gear in your inbox daily. Having Ph.D. behind your name is much like having SEAL behind your name, Luttrell said. A short while later, all of Luttrell's teammates were dead, and then a Taliban grenade blew him sideways and over a ravine. He married his wife called Melanie Juneau. Sound Like You? Finally he found a waterfall, and managed a few desperate gulps before once again he saw a group of Afghans facing him. Because of Gulab's heroic act and the threats against him, Wildes believes he could have remained in America, brought his family over and eventually acquired a green card. Everywhere he wentNew York, Houston, Los Angelessomeone wanted to talk to him, to thank him for saving Luttrell. "The actors did a great job, and I hope people go and watch it and it resonates with them. He was attracting the Talibanlike flypaper.". His supplies, helmet and gear were ripped away from him as he backflipped, the others soon following suit in similar fashion, crashing through the boulders as Luttrell landed, breaking his back. America, he felt, had a moral obligation to bring them to the States, so he started a nonprofit and began working with lawmakers. 2 How many Taliban died in Operation Red Wings? A reconnaissance mission to observe a village and locate Ahmad Shah, a fundamentalist leading a cell against coalition forces, it required a four-man team: Luttrell, Petty Officer and medic; Lieutenant Michael Murphy, in charge of the operation on the ground; Sonar Technician Second Class Petty Officer Matthew 'Axe' Axelson, an eagle-eyed sniper; and Gunner's Mate Second Class Danny Dietz, Jr, a communications officer and spotter. So you're always on your guard. He has a twin brother called Morgan. But yes sir, I have a great understanding now, and I try to tell people a lot of people think we're at war with Afghanistan, but we're not, we're at war with the Taliban. In a rural valley, along a desolate trail, in the doorway of his modest homein all these places the Taliban tried to kill Mohammad Gulab. He was born and raised by his parents in Houston, Texas. He will still get food stamps and health care. They tried as he bumped over the road in a silver sedan, killing his nephew with a bullet to the brain. "Some people laugh at me, but some people like it. And that's when he finally gave up hope. Marines and Afghan who saved Marcus Luttrell say Lone In the mid-2000s, as insurgents stepped up their attacks against "collaborators," Johnson began compiling a list of at-risk Iraqis. "Thank God he continues to get better and healthier," says Mark Wahlberg, who portrays Luttrell in the film, adapted from Luttrell's best-selling 2007 book (co-written with Patrick Robinson). With the SEALs boxed in, they needed to give up the higher ground. (LogOut/ His dream is to start a family business, so he can once again be his own boss. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. The SEALs used PRC-148 MBITR (Multi Band Inter/Intra Team Radio) to make a number of attempts to contact their combat operations center. Today, as Gulab struggles to adjust to life in America, his harrowing journeyfrom the snowy peaks of the Hindu Kush to the drab strip malls of Fort Worthis an inspiring story of hope and survival and a grim tale of betrayal and despair. I could do six months of research and by that seventh month everything I learned could be negated, he said. But how? Hearst UK is the trading name of the National Magazine Company Ltd, 30 Panton Street, Leicester Square, London, SW1Y 4AJ. "The Luttrells believe that Gulab has come under the influence of one or more handlers in Afghanistan, who are manipulating Gulab for their own financial gain. With the rise of the Islamic State group, the program has seen massive backlogs. Gulab stumbled backward and scrambled inside as a bullet ricocheted off a wall and struck him in the upper thigh. So he stops, reflects, prays and pays his respects to the guys that died that day and the families they left.". He currently serves as the co-host of a podcast called Team Never Quit. What is the difference between the Seasonal Tactical Fitness Periodization programs recently developed vs. previous years? For the next two years, Gulab and his family remained relatively safe. Theres nothing heroic about suicide bombers. Luttrell was left unconscious, suffering a broken back, several fractures and shrapnel wounds. They took fire from RPK machine guns, AK-47s, RPG-7s, as On May 2, Mike Spies, another colleague working on the story, spoke to a Luttrell representative and a second person associated with the former SEAL. (Feb. 17) Copyright 2023 Military.com. definitely. Navy SEALs are eligible for retirement after 20 years of service, but many SEAL members continue service for at least 30 years to maximize their retirement benefits. Asking for asylum didn't mean he could never return to Afghanistannor did it mean his family couldn't join him in the States. So as he stood in his yard, watching the sun slowly rise, Gulab finally lost something the Taliban hadn't been able to take from him in nearly a decade of attackshe lost hope. Pretty good," he says buoyantly. ), Luttrell likes the film, but he won't watch it again. What he didn't know at the time was that Murphy's call sprang the U.S. military into action. Marcus Luttrell's Dog Murdered by Punks in Texas. Marcus stands at the height of 6 ft 5 in ( Approx 1.96m). These injuries ultimately led to his discharge. And that's all I did sir, really, I just kept getting back up. In response to Murphy's call, 16 men had whipped over in a Chinook, but as it came to land near the original drop-off point, one of Shah's men fired an RPG through the helicopter's open ramp. Every week, retired Navy SEAL and Lone Survivor Marcus join his twin brother Morgan and his producer Andrew Brockenbush as they take their listers into the briefing room to chat with incredible guests sharing their greatest never quit stories. But the Afghan claims the villagers and American military personnel who combed the mountain for the bodies of the dead SEALs never found any enemy corpses. The former SEAL seemed angry, Gulab recalls. Fairchild declined to comment for this story, but the Afghan says he contacted Luttrell for him. The skills he obtained included unconventional medicine, diagnosis and treatment, advanced emergency medicine and in-field life support. He married in 2010, and in 2011 his wife gave birth to their first child. "Because the last interview I did, the guy was asking me, 'What was it like to watch your teammates die?' After recovery, he completed training in 2000 and, after a few more courses, became a fully fledged SEAL. Mr Luttrell extolled the virtues of Navy SEALs, the best of the best, and Marcus wanted to be one from the age of 12. years in a U.S. civilian jail. He was eager to see Luttrell again, and he was proud that the movie would show the world how he and his village had defied the Taliban and saved the American. Marcus Luttrell did not run out of ammo In the book, Lone Survivor, Luttrell says he fired round after round until he was almost out of ammunition. You can find more information on Luttrell at the following links: If you would like to follow Luttrell's work in assisting veterans, you can follow him onTwitter andFacebook. They considered it their duty under Pashtunwali, a tribal honor code requiring them to protect those in need. For days, the British novelist and the Afghan villager chatted as the interpreter translated. His trousers had been ripped clean off. His left leg, which was drenched in blood and full of shrapnel, seemed paralysed, his right one nearly as bad. Special Operations Forces are the elite commandos of the U.S. military. Luttrell also suffered a torn shoulder, a broken nose, and is still dealing with the effects of the bacteria that was in the water that he ingested as he tried to quench "We must have killed 50 or more of them," Luttrell wrote. Luttrell has had several invasive surgeries, including having a protective cage placed around his spine and artificial discs. (His lawyer, Tony Buzbee, said in a statement: "Marcus Luttrell stands by his account in Lone Survivor. 8 Army Night Stalkers killed 14 years ", He's happy to be finally done with it. 'What I couldn't see was a place to hide,' wrote Luttrell in his book, regarding the rough, stony landscape. Killing the men would be a problem toothe SEALs, Luttrell wrote, worried they'd be charged with murder if the media found out. However, he was killed in April 2008 during a firefight with Pakistani police in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. He has a lot of added stress, the Taliban weren't trying to kill him before I walked in there, and they are now, there's a bounty on his head. The blast woke his children, who ran to a neighbor's house for safety while Gulab and his wife grabbed their Kalashnikovs and climbed onto their roof. After dinner, we head back to my hotel. And his newfound fame proved to be lucrative. The next morning, Gulab learned he was being sent back to Afghanistan. But a few turn that battle against some of the world's most dangerous militants into something far less heroic. I hope the suicide bombers or the Taliban brothers will fulfill my order. He still carries the emotional and psychological scars. I fell back on all of my training to get through all that I went through out there during that week. On December 25, 2013, a film version starring Mark Wahlberg came out. In this show, retired special operations veterans talk about issues in the United States. Also, he and his twin brother were present, at Perrys formal announcement on June 4, 2015. After Action airs on TheBlaze. WebMarcus Luttrell (@marcusluttrell) Instagram photos and videos marcusluttrell Follow 450 posts 737K followers 759 following Marcus Luttrell Husband, Dad, Veteran & Advocate India had approved his travel visa. I've been down here for 20 days," he says. 'No I'm good, I'd rather die.' (Both the State Department and Department of Homeland Security declined to comment, citing privacy concerns. One of the things motivating Luttrell to keep himself alive during his ordeal was the determination to recount what had happened on that mountain, to inform the world of his teammates' bravery. marcus luttrell Despite the security risk they presented, executing them would be, in Luttrell's mind, an act of murder. After Luttrell and company freed the locals, the gunmen waited for the right moment to strike. Mohammad Ismail alias Ahmad Shah, the target of Operation Red Wings survived the American operation. He completed basic training and joined Basic Underwater Demolition/SEAL (BUD/S) class. It's not like you can just walk out and think this guy's good and introduce yourself, that doesn't work like that over there. Director Peter Berg had turned Lone Survivor into a movie, and Universal planned to release it in late December. Gulab is trying to make his way in his new home, but with a language barrier and the feeling of isolation it brings, he spends most of his time at home playing with his kids. Marcus Luttrell He gave Luttrell water and helped carry him back to their village. Marcus returned to full duty after recovering from his injuries. I know it's something more. The next morning, the sky is gray and filled with clouds when Fazilhaq arrives at my hotel. The impact broke his back in six places, and he sustained major damage to his spinal cord. Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLC. Having been settled in one of the Pashtuns' houses, he was given some warm goats' milk. This time, he traveled roughly 50 miles to a U.S. military base in Jalalabad, where he met a muscular man with a beard named Joe Fairchild, who Gulab says worked as a military adviser. Soon after Gulab returned to Asadabad, his life was again thrown into turmoil. He was left unconscious with a broken back, a number of fractures, and countless shrapnel wounds. "But a lot of things are different [than in Afghanistan]. As gunfire rained down on them, the SEALs blasted back before tumbling down the mountain, as their attackers followed, firing rocket propelled grenades. He never knew what really happened to Matt Axelson, so seeing that, he said, was tough. (Berg pieced together such information from after-action reports and autopsy reports. He was medically-retired from duty in 2009. He says he wanted to stay in the United States, to look for a house in Texas and try and bring his family over. As we bump over the road, I see signs advertising Tiger Cabaret, a local gentleman's club, and "an evening with Macklemore and Ryan Lewis." .css-gk9meg{display:block;font-family:Lausanne,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;padding-top:0.25rem;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-gk9meg:hover{color:link-hover;}}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-gk9meg{font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.15;margin-bottom:0.25rem;}}@media(min-width: 40.625rem){.css-gk9meg{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.2;margin-bottom:0.625rem;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-gk9meg{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.2;}}@media(min-width: 73.75rem){.css-gk9meg{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.2;}}How Can Black Mirror Stay Fresh in Season 6? All inside were killed as it smashed into the mountainside and broke up. Gulab didn't back down. For hours he crawled, slid, climbed "I [had] sacrificed a lot. Luttrell took a sideways step, attempting to zigzag, but fell headlong, flipping in the air, hurtling down as he tried and failed to grab branches and get a foothold. What injuries did Marcus Luttrell suffer? "[Soon]," Luttrell wrote, "I met my first real friend, Mohammad Gulab.". "He was full of sadness and anger and confusion over everything that had happened on that mountain," one of his friends told The Daily Beast. "It's not that I'd pay you," the Afghan villager recalls him saying. The Taliban put him on a kill list, so he couldn't return to his village. In 2007, Marcus returned to the U.S. and co-authored the New York Times bestseller titled Lone Survivor: The Eyewitness Account of Operation Redwing and the Lost Heroes of SEAL Team 10. "), As Luttrell spoke to Cooper, it was clear that his fallen comrade still haunted him. Once that was completed, the squad carried out the capture and elimination of terrorists. "My head was spinning," he says, "and everything turned to black and white.". "I've been at the location where he was ambushed multiple times. I heard his gun go off and a lot of gunfire in his area. He was born on November 7, 1975, in Houston, Texas, United States of America. Eight members of the 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment and eight Navy SEALs had quickly boarded a helicopter to come to his rescue. Morgan Luttrell was a Navy SEAL like his more famous twin brother, Marcus, who went on to write a bestseller, Lone Survivor, a first-person account of a harrowing battle in Afghanistan, which was later made into a Hollywood film. True to his word, Luttrell invited Gulab to his house outside of Houston to meet with Robinson. At a party at the home of the interpreter's parents in California, the Afghan remembers sitting with his translator in the dining room when Luttrell sidled up to him. He soon found out why. Once hed regained consciousness, he evaded the Taliban with the held of local Pashtun villagers, and was eventually rescued by Army Rangers and the Afghan National Army. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Marcus Luttrell: The Actual Injuries Sustained During Operation RedWings. In the winter of 2014, Gulab was forced to make an agonizing decision: Flee with half his family or wait and risk another attack. 'Lokhay warkawal,' it's called a code of honour. "It just feels wrong to continue with everyday life that week. But as the aircraft flew over the mountains and the team prepared to rope down, an insurgent fired a rocket-propelled grenade. Some are small: He got the name of the operation wrongit was Red Wings, like the hockey team, not Redwing. This was also what was said by some involved w/ aerial surveillance. He graduated with a B.S in International Business in 1998. In the American biographical war film titled Lone Survivor released in 2013, actor Mark Wahlberg portrayed Marcus. Because of the tribe's customs, they were honor-bound to protect and heal Luttrell despite provocation from Taliban forces. But the friend did confirm his conversation with Gulab, asking for anonymity because of the sensitivity of the matter. Little, Brown won the book at auction with a seven-figure advance, according to The New York Times, and it became a major success. WebApril 22, 2023. Luttrell's wife, Melanie, gave him several thousand dollars in cash and bought him a variety of itemsfrom socks to laptops, Gulab says. Marcus trusted them to help spread the word and teach our actors.. They tried to kill him in the morning. Post author: Post published: December 1, 2021 Post category: mass many item overhaul dayz Post comments: unlv football single game tickets 2021 unlv football single game tickets 2021 Luttrell realized there was so much to learn about the brain, how it worked and how it was affected by injury. By the end of the two-hour gunfight that careened through the hills and over cliffs, Murphy, Axelson and Dietz had been killed. When he came to, the SEAL realized the blast had blown his pants off, and he was badly injured: His back and nose were broken, and his face was busted up, he wrote. Gulab is among the fortunate few. But she sees the impact the mission still has on him even in the way he is unable to sleep at night. When he awoke, Luttrell traveled miles on foot despite significant injuries to distance himself from enemy territory. How long does Operation Red Wings usually last? There is nothing holding them together now, and Gulab feels abandoned. Before they parted once again, this time in Houston, Gulab says Luttrell promised to hold a fundraiser for him and the other villagers who had saved him. An estimated 35 Taliban were also dead. "You made lots of promises that you didn't keep.'". Navy SEALs: The Untold Truth Of Hell Week - Grunge Everything he wrote in his book is absolutely true. As he looked at the tears in her eyes, he felt a deep sadness. After several days, they set him free and apologized. Each year during the June anniversary of Operation Red Wings, Luttrell goes on a "blackout week" where he doesn't communicate with the world. I broke right there, I quit right there.". The next day, Gulab met one of his contacts, who handed him his plane tickets and several hundred dollars. His own journey seeking help for his brain injury involved multiple institutions and treatments, so when hed hear from veterans who needed help, he would look for funding to send them to one of the treatment places hed been. Luttrell, left, with Mark Wahlberg, who portrays him in 'Lone Survivor,' at the movies L.A. premiere in 2013. All but Luttrell were killed in the assault, including a helicopter crew that was shot down in an attempted rescue. The target of Operation Red Wings, Ismail, was not eliminated during the battle, but he later was confirmed killed in a firefight with police in Pakistan. Wildes says he's also received a threat but declined to elaborate. I was out in the open, waving my hands. What he's seen, a film will never equal. They picked him up and carried him to their village. Luttrell was born in Houston in November 1975, and was raised on his parents horsefarm near Oklahoma. He's been fighting in wars since he was a kid. The 51-year-old has spent the past two decades representing high-profile asylum seekersRussian spies, Pakistani scientists and even contestants in Miss Universe, a beauty pageant once partly owned by Donald Trump. "That never happened. The Afghan timber worker didn't fare so well. The Afghan pressed onhe bought another truck and hired workers to haul timber. (Gulab denies these allegations. No one wants their signature on the next 9/11 hijacker's visa papers. They tried with a grenade outside his daughter's bedroom, the blast hurling shrapnel into her leg. But nothing compared to what happened to him in October 2009. The closure last summer of the U.S. base nearest to Gulabs home, part of the drawdown of U.S. combat forces in the country, added to the danger. Gulab was furious. He was on track to complete the course on time until he fractured his leg. I've had Marines wounded there. The Americans were badly injured, Luttrell wrote, but continued to fight back, killing as many Taliban as they could, until they were nearly out of ammunition. He was treated by Capt. It's an absurd thought, but Gulab's son is worried. Shoot them, get heard, have the villagers come to search for them, and face the wrath of the media and potential murder charges/jail; tie them up and leave them to die; or let them go and risk 'military suicide' as the goatherders alerted Ahmad Shah of their presence. Now, shes a third-term Virginia congresswoman. He was hurt no doubt, but his injuries were not anywhere near what he claimed. This year, the Philippines agreed to give the U.S. access to four more bases on the islands. He chose the former, hoping the Taliban would leave his wife and children alone. The Afghan hadn't worked for the U.S. military long enough to qualify for the Special Immigrant Visa program. "There was nothing honorable about what you did," the commander said. It's little surprise that his story has been turned into a Hollywood film, but it's a relief that that film is great. Marcus makes a significant cameo appearance in at least three scenes in the film although he is present in other scenes. Gulab says he's still looking for a job (and the relief agency is helping him), but his English is rudimentary, despite several months of classes. Marcus Luttrell says part of himself died on the Afghanistan mountain where his three Navy SEAL comrades perished in the ill-fated 2005 mission Operation Red Wings. Gulab was excited. The entire incident was captured on a phone call to 911, during which the veteran reached speeds of over 100 M.P.H.