Grognet J. Catnip: its uses and effects, past and present. 2012;49:86. [47] also found that 0.1ml of peppermint essential oil protect against An. along with thousands of other products contains lemon grass oils. Scope and Delimitation This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of carabao manure with lemongrass and eucalyptus extract as an alternative mosquito repellant. sensitive skin immediately. It wont take most of their time, effort and money to buy insect repellent The essential oil of lemongrass has been shown to be effective against mosquitoes, flies, moths and ants. Bioresource Technol. Effectiveness of plant-based repellents against different, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8, https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/71810, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. Parasitol Res. Gentle and safe for people of all ages, including kids, babies, and seniors, yet powerful enough to repel flying pests and keep bug bites off the skin. FULL SIZE FOR BEST VALUE: Our 8oz tin of No-Bite-Me cream is amazing for the seasoned traveler. Chemical composition, toxicity and mosquito repellency of Ocimum selloi oil. Govindarajan M, Sivakumar R. Laboratory evaluation of Indian medicinal plants as repellents against malaria, dengue, and filariasis vector mosquitoes. The 20% oil solution of myrtle in the study conducted by Amer et al. Steam anything upon making the repellent. Karunamoorthi K, Girmay A, Hayleeyesus SF. lots benefits such as health benefits and financial benefit which is its affordability. Cite this article. 0:45 . Citronella oil could provide sufficient protection time against mosquitoes. limonene. Asadollahi, A., Khoobdel, M., Zahraei-Ramazani, A. et al. All data were independently extracted by two reviewers and disagreements were solved by discussion, and if necessary, a third author was involved. De Paula JP, Gomes-Carneiro MR, Paumgartten FJ. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/71810. found that Neem extract is not affective against An. extracting the lemongrass oil from the lemongrass stalks, Steam Distillation could also boiling temperature of water. Alayo M, Femi-Oyewo M, Bakre L, Fashina A. Larvicidal potential and mosquito repellent activity of Cassia mimosoides extracts. Karunamoorthi K, Ilango K, Murugan K. Laboratory evaluation of traditionally used plant-based insect repellent against the malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis Patton (Diptera: Culicidae). Meat Sci. For citronella, as one of the most explored plant for repellency effect against various mosquitoes, it is reported that active compounds in citronella extract for repelling mosquitoes are eugenol, eucalyptol, camphor, linalool, citral, and citronellal [81]. Pour the mixture in a spray bottle. Second, in field trial studies, the number of human volunteers as well as the season during which the trial had been performed differed among the included studies. In our data, the repellent is safe since it didnt cause itchiness and does not A literature review. Tagetes minutaisa very important member of Tagetes genus belonging to Asteraceae family [75]. Govindarajan M, Rajeswary M, Sivakumar R. Repellent properties of Delonix elata (L) Gamble (Family: Fabaceae) against malaria vector Anopheles stephensi (Liston)(Diptera: Culicidae). They are bright green on top and pale yellow beneath, with veins running down each side of the leaf blade. The effectiveness of lemon grass as natural insect repellent - SlideShare transportation to go at our research environment. Govindarajan et al. Larvicidal and repellent activity of the essential oil from Atalantia monophylla on three mosquito vectors of public health importance, with limited impact on non-target zebra fish. stephensi mosquitoes. 2008;7:152. registered in the list of EPA-GRAS. The results shown in the Table 2 is about the products safety. Insect repellents: principles, methods and uses. Younoussa L, Nukenine EN, Danga SPY, Esimone CO. Repellent activity of the creams formulated from Annona senegalensis and Boswellia dalzielii leaf fractions and essential oils against Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae). Fish Shellfish Immunol. The studies show that lemongrass extract has a strong effect on insects and can be used as an effective insect repellent. Int J Pharm Phytochem Res. dirus. 1995;120:53842. Evaluation of two natural extracts (Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Melissa officinalis L.) as antioxidants in cooked pork patties packed in MAP. Effective on black flies, mosquitoes, fleas, and ticks. The pot must be filled with ice as much as it can hold. SA made substantial contributions to perform professional writing of the manuscript and preparing it. Soekarno- receiving vessel. outbursts of insect borne diseases, dengue fever, stings and bites. Ed.). The 20% Neem oil in a field trial conducted by Amer et al. depressant, at the same time antibacterial. Cloveisa naturally occurring spice which has been shown to possess anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-pyretic, anti-candidal, and aphrodisiac activities [78]. Karunamoorthi K, Mulelam A, Wassie F. Laboratory evaluation of traditional insect/mosquito repellent plants against Anopheles arabiensis, the predominant malaria vector in Ethiopia. How long does the effectivity of the lemongrass oil last? Almehmadi RM. 2008;149:112. Lemongrass Effectiveness in Repelling Mosquitoes [According to Research] In one of the many research studies titled - Formulation of an effective mosquito-repellent topical product from Lemongrass oil and published in a Phytomedicine . 2015;14:187. [12] in a field trial revealed that 1ml peppermint oil without dilution completely repels Anopheles annularis, An. Lemongrass is a plant that has been used as an insect repellent for centuries. Another study [45] reported that clove repels An. DEET-FREE & VERSATILE. 2011;5:1022. Myrtleisamemberof theMyrtaceae familywhich is botanically linked to eucalyptus [73]. Comparison of manufacturing cost of thyme extract obtained by supercritical fluid extraction and steam distillation. PubMed Lemongrass oil is also thought to be beneficial in treating skin conditions such as psoriasis and eczema. Citronella is an essential oil extracted from the stems and leaves of different species of lemongrass (Cymbopogon spp.) Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. Plant-based repellents have been used for generations in traditional practice as a personal protection measure against host-seeking mosquitoes. very high boiling points which separates organic compounds from plant parts. and for keeping them safe. Google Scholar. Ansari M, Razdan R, Tandon M, Vasudevan P. Larvicidal and repellent actions of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb (F Leguminosae) oil against mosquitoes. 2003;40:100. For example, adult butterflies feed on nectar from flowers such as milkweed or yucca when they are larvae; then they lay eggs on these plants so their offspring can eat the leaves when they hatch into caterpillars. Is lemongrass oil as an insect repellent; 2013;112:67992. Konan Y, Sylla M, Doannio J, Traor S. Comparison of the effect of two excipients (karite nut butter and vaseline) on the efficacy of Cocos nucifera, Elaeis guineensis and Carapa procera oil-based repellents formulations against mosquitoes biting in Ivory Coast. Method: Cymbopogon oil (75ml) was extracted from 200g of fresh Lemongrass leaves using Soxhlet method with n-Hexane as solvent. This process can be used for purifying liquids with FEATURING A POWERFUL, PROPRIETARY COMBO OF ESSENTIAL OILS Citronella, geranium, lemongrass, cedarwood, peppermint, and other oils help repel insects and provide the terrific scent our customers love. Many studies have reported evidence of repellant activities of plant extracts or essential oils against malaria vectors around the world. Correspondence to Given to the sources of heterogeneity in the current systematic review, future research assessing the repellent impacts should provide clear definitions of repellents, characteristics of volunteers in field trials, mosquito species, and outcome measures. <> 2005;42:95. found that tagetes extract is not affective against An. Lemongrass has a strong aroma that can help to repel insects from your home or garden. In addition, studies were excluded if the information could not be extracted. The process of using lemongrass as a pesticide is fairly simple. 2009;7:9204. In contrast, Seyoum et al. The review of literature for this study focuses on the properties, benefits and 2012;15:76673. Jeyabalan D, Arul N, Thangamathi P. Studies on effects of Pelargonium citrosa leaf extracts on malarial vector. gives are analgesic, meaning they relieve pain. Pappenberger B, Geier M, Boeckh J. Moore S, Lenglet A, Hill N. Plant-based insect repellents. Characterization and evaluation of repellent effect of essential oil of Mangifera indica L. from Kenya. Citronellais an essential oil extracted from the stems and leaves of different species of lemongrass (Cymbopogon spp.) chemical substance was added. Prabhu K, Murugan K, Nareshkumar A, Ramasubramanian N, Bragadeeswaran S. Larvicidal and repellent potential of Moringa oleifera against malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi Liston (Insecta: Diptera: Culicidae). stream Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. However, for safe use, you must dilute lemongrass oil with water or even Govindarajan M, Mathivanan T, Elumalai K, Krishnappa K, Anandan A. Ovicidal and repellent activities of botanical extracts against Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae). Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. Lemongrass is an excellent tool for keeping pests at bay. 2001;49:51721. Kweka EJ, Mosha F, Lowassa A, Mahande AM, Kitau J, Matowo J, et al. Morehead JA. for safe use, lemongrass oil is mixed by water and alcohol. Aside from lemon grass also plant peppermint and other aromatic herbs to detract insect pests from destroying the crop (Argon E. ,2012). Phytother Res. NO HARSH CHEMICALS, ARTIFICIAL PRESERVATIVES OR TOXINS Great for families and the environment. 25/25 Repel. stephensi for 8h, while Eucalyptus globulus complete protection time was reported to be 5.5h. Auysawasdi et al. general) from landing or climbing on that surface. The flow diagram of the study selection process and excluded studies with specific reasons is reported in Fig. INNOVATIVE BOTANICAL FORMULA Our spray consists of essential oils carried in purified water and plant-based preservatives. The Efficacy of Some Commercially Available Insect Repellents for A total of 62 trials met the inclusion criteria. CAS bites has not yet been completely clarified. Lemongrass is an herb that is commonly used in cooking, but it also has some very interesting benefits for your garden. The results showed that the average number of dead insects in lemongrass extract was 14. Govindarajan M. Larvicidal and repellent properties of some essential oils against Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles and Anopheles subpictus Grassi (Diptera: Culicidae). Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. Studies were included in the present systematic review if they met these criteria: (i) full-text publication was written in English, (ii) inspected the repellency effects of plant extracts and essential oils against malaria vectors, Anopheles spp. gambiae [54]. One study published in the journal Parasitology Research found that lemongrass essential oil was effective at repelling mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. alternative insect repellent can lessen health worries of people since natural insect subpictus. In mixing alcohol to neutralize the lemongrass oil and water, the amount 2016;115:99106. The following categories of products use botanicals or plant extracts that are applied to plant foliage. Chapter [56] in Kenya reported that the percentage repellency of catnip is dose-dependent as 0.01mg, 0.1mg, and 1mg solutions of this herb had repellency percentage of 17%, 97%, and 100%, respectively, against Anopheles gambiae. 2011;4:10611. Ansari M, Vasudevan P, Tandon M, Razdan R. Larvicidal and mosquito repellent action of peppermint (Mentha piperita) oil. The 20% oil solution of thymein the study conducted by Amer et al. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The product was able to withstand for as long as 3 hours upon repelling How many insects would be repelled by the repellent containing lemongrass oil? Madhiyazhagan P, Murugan K, Kumar AN, Nataraj T. Extraction of mosquitocidals from Ocimum canum leaves for the control of dengue and malarial vectors. Related Foreign Studies Lemongrass oil (Cymbopogon citratus) is an effective repellent against mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and house flies (Diptera: Muscidae You can use it to your daily living to become a better person concentration of lemongrass extract Skip to document Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew My Library Nevertheless, Birkett et al. J Appl Sci. It has been identified that chemical repellents are not safe for public health and should be used with caution because of their detrimental impacts on synthetic fabric and plastic as well as toxic reactions, such as allergy, dermatitis, and cardiovascular and neurological side effects, which have been reported generally after misapplication [4]. - Advertisement -. Lemon grass may help repel dengue mosquitoes. Repellent properties of celery, Apium graveolens L, compared with commercial repellents, against mosquitoes under laboratory and field conditions. Expect for 6 studies which were field trial, other studies were conducted on laboratory condition. albimanus and found that all concentrations of clove provided complete repellency ranging from 1.25 to 3.55h, depending on the concentration applied. gambiae [54]. Anopheles dirus was repelled by clove for 1h in laboratory conditions in Thailand [47]. dirus. CAS In making the lemongrass insect repellent mixture, the following are the New Delhi: Springer; 2016. p. 19. The Formulated with no artificial colors, fragrances or harmful pesticides. The researchers intend to use improvised apparatus such as a strainer, a curve pot Scented oils are extracted from the leaves and are commonly used in insect repellents, perfumes, and soaps. The repellency effect of clove against different species of Anopheles was investigated in 6 studies. Insect repellents may have different characteristics but serve the same purpose The Effectiveness of Lemon Grass and Garlic as - Course Hero After washing off excess dirt and grime (or waiting until after planting time), place the lemongrass into its new home by digging holes with a shovel deep enough so that all roots are covered up completely inside their new container/garden space with soil covering them up completely this will help ensure strong growth for years to come. Fourth, some studies have shown that formulation play a significant role in the effectiveness of a repellents [88]. The frequent use of synthetic repellents with chemical origin for mosquito control has disturbed natural ecosystems and resulted in the development of resistance to insecticides, resurgence in mosquito populations, and adverse impact on non-target organisms [4, 7]. 2012;111:175769. [62] also supported that myrtle at 50% concentration repels An. Auysawasdi et al. Tawatsin A, Wratten SD, Scott RR, Thavara U, Techadamrongsin Y. Repellency of volatile oils from plants against three mosquito vectors. As observed, 25 mosquitoes attempted to land for 25 times while 24 ants Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. [41] used turmeric essential oil at 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% concentrations against An. The oil of Citronella has been used for Eucalyptus globulus at 0.1ml dose in a study [47] repelled An. insect repellent since it can be found in the backyard at home or just around the The authors declare that they have no competing interests. <>>> 2013;112:120519. the product. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Although citronella oil has demonstrated repellent effect against mosquito bites in some studies (Dover 1930; Jantan & Zali 1998), the evidence is insufficient to draw a definite conclusion. GROUP-7.docx - ACADEMIC YEAR 2019 - 2020 THE EFFECTIVENESS Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. The average number of dead mosquitoes in the use of lemongrass extract was 18. Table 3. (PDF) The effect of lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus) extract as Related Studies Insecticides & Repellents Use these natural insecticides to repel and eliminate harmful pests. is listed on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)s and Generally Recognized as Kongkaew C, Sakunrag I, Chaiyakunapruk N, Tawatsin A. J Essent Oil Bearing Plants. 2002;96:22531. Panneerselvam C, Murugan K. Adulticidal, repellent, and ovicidal properties of indigenous plant extracts against the malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae). DEET Sci. 2. In addition to repelling insects, lemongrass can also help repel harmful bacteria around your house or yard. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2006. p. 275304. 4 0 obj 2010;20:16728. Review of Literature. Outcomes measures were percentage repellency and protection time. It is also registered in PubMed The highest repellency effect was identified from Ligusticum sinense extract, followed by citronella, pine, Dalbergia sissoo, peppermint and Rhizophora mucronata oils with complete protection time ranging from 9.1 to 11.5h. Ethanolic 25% extract of L. sinense was able to completely repel Anopheles minimus for 11.5h. Furthermore, essential oils from plants such as lavender, camphor, catnip, geranium, jasmine, broad-leaved eucalyptus, lemongrass, lemon-scented eucalyptus, amyris, narrow-leaved eucalyptus, carotin, cedarwood, chamomile, cinnamon oil, juniper, cajeput, soya bean, rosemary, niaouli, olive, tagetes, violet, sandalwood, litsea, galbanum, and Curcuma longa also showed good repellency with 8h complete repellency against different species of Anopheles genus. This study will be conducted for the benefit of the following: For the Future Researchers that this could serve as a guide for them in case they would Lemon grass Google Scholar. any chemical substance that may irritate sensitive skin immediately. Related studies about lemongrass as insect repellent. The Table 4. Since they will be making the insect Combined effect of seaweed (Sargassum wightii) and Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis on the coastal mosquito, Anopheles sundaicus. As cost is a significant factor, examination of the use of local florae as repellents is highly suggested. Ethnobotanical study of some of mosquito repellent plants in north-eastern Tanzania. 2016;23:2322838. Reegan AD, Kinsalin AV, Paulraj MG, Ignacimuthu S. Larvicidal, ovicidal and repellent activities of marine sponge Cliona celata (Grant) extracts against Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae). Additionally, pest control experts can help in finding and treating the source of the insect infestation, as well as any insect-related problems. In the study by Phasomkusolsil et al. [47] showed that orange repels An. Does Lemongrass Repel Mosquitoes? Here's What Research Says The Effectiveness of Botanical Extracts as Repellents Against Aedes AA performed collecting of articles and writing the manuscript. lemongrass on mosquitoes and ants in an open area. Miele M, Dondero R, Ciarallo G, Mazzei M. Methyleugenol in Ocimum basilicum L. Cv genovese gigante. Analytical Investigation of The Extract of Lemon Grass Leaves in 2012;4:257. Lemongrass and Cinnamon Bark: Plant Essential Oil Blend as a - PubMed Govindarajan M, Sivakumar R. Repellent properties of Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn (Family: Sapindaceae) plant leaf extracts against three important vector mosquitoes. to the skin. be brought in the market (Fernandez, 2013). 2001;26:7682. Karunamoorthi et al. Research has shown that citronella helps to One study published in the journal Parasitology Research found that lemongrass essential oil was effective at repelling mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Tamil Nadu India Sci Asia. [42] used basil essential oil at 0.02, 0.10, and 0.21mg/cm2 concentrations against An. Asian Pac J Trop Med. Curr Biol. Sanghong R, Junkum A, Chaithong U, Jitpakdi A, Riyong D, Tuetun B, et al. Natural insecticides combat insects upon contact or through ingestion. over 50 years as an insect repellent. skin. Effectiveness of plant-based repellents against different and candles, and also in aromatherapy. [6], with complete protection time for 8h, had a good effectiveness in preventing against An. Youll want to make sure that you wash away any dirt or debris that may be left on your plant before placing it into your garden bed or potting soil so theres no chance of spreading disease or pests throughout your garden space during planting time. Repellent compounds contained in this plant include alpha-pinene, citronellal, citronellol, and geraniol (Duke 2000). [6] reported that 20% oil solutions of both camphor (Cinnamomum camphora) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) had 100% repellency affect against An. Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Amin Asadollahi,Alireza Zahraei-Ramazani&Sahar Azarmi, Health Research Centre, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Medical Sciences Research Centre, Ghalib University, Kabul, Afghanistan, You can also search for this author in Lemongrass can be used in various ways to repel insects such as: Make a spray with 1 cup water and 2 tablespoons of lemon juice then add 10 drops of pure lemon essential oil (optional) and shake well before spraying on skin or clothing, Add several drops of pure essential oil into the water when washing clothes etc. endobj Below is a list of lemongrass as insect repellent: Lemongrass is a good insect repellent. trigger any allergies to the skin of the human subject. However, it is highly recommended that the future researchers should perform the Anopheles stephensi Liston. Authors Daniel A H . immiscible with water, volatile in steam and having high vapor pressure at the Parasitol Res. Accordingly, the idea of using natural mosquito repellent products as an alternative to develop new eco-friendly repellents could be an amicable solution to scale back the undesirable effects on environment and human health. Many studies have reported evidence of repellant activities of plant extracts or essential oils against malaria vectors worldwide. 2008;319:183842. Malaria Journal Asian Pac J Trop Med. Barnard et al. Potential plant-based repellents stratified by protection time with at least 4h protection time are reported in Table2. [6], with mean percentage repellency 71% had a complete protection time for 3h against An. Attempts Frequency Percent 2014;26:30510. borne diseases. Lemon grass is, also called fever grass, a perennial plant with thin, long leaves that is indigenous to many Asian countries. stephensi for 8h, had a good effectiveness in preventing An. Some caution is important when interpreting the findings. Iranian J Arthropod Borne Dis. Effectiveness of citronella preparations in preventing mosquito bites 2014;2:707. Annu Rev Entomol. Aim: This qualitative study was aimed at testing the repellent efficacy; and suitability of Cymbopogon citratus (Lemongrass) for the development of natural product-based mosquito repellent. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LEMON GRASS ( Cymbopogon Citratus) AS N by - Prezi Objective: This review aims to examine the effectiveness of citronella preparation used as a mosquito repellent. .uM.4/&@Kg,4]-iZ7- VdM!t20tICI^zR4KkE+BGo?woKDtG@3, X1u4FEck$RY'u8!. For the Society that this could give them knowledge about the importance of According to homeguides.safegate, lemongrass gas large amount Citronella (50ml) & Lemon Grass (50ml) - 100ml Total . 10ml of water There is a need for further standardized studies in order to better evaluate repellent compounds and develop new products that offer high repellency as well as good consumer safety. move away from the source of repellent and lemon grass can be used as a natural Below illustrates the procedures of the extraction: The first thing to do is to set the pot filled with purified water on the heat source. It is also used to treat stomach ailments, diabetes, and other maladies. Plant-based repellents have been applied for generations in traditional practice as a personal protection approach against different species of Anopheles. Constituents of essential oils from three plant species used in traditional medicine and insect control in Tanzania. 2014;28:2536. Related studies about lemongrass as insect repellent. The "Aside from being an important herb, lemon grass may help repel dengue mosquitoes," revealed Dr. Manuel Mapue, Department of Health (DOH) Regional Medical Dengue. Thus, plants with potential repellency properties should be tested for their possible unpleasant side effects before introducing as alternative products. Sritabutra D, Soonwera M, Waltanachanobon S, Poungjai S. Evaluation of herbal essential oil as repellents against Aedes aegypti (L.) and Anopheles dirus Peyton & Harrion. ), Anopheles minimus (Theobald) and Culex quinquefasciatus Say based on protection time and biting rate. repellent. Extraction Process dirus. The study by Sritabutra et al. stephensi. %PDF-1.5 This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of plant-based repellents against Anopheles mosquitoes. Knowledge on traditional repellent plants obtained through ethnobotanical studies is a valuable resource for the development of new natural products. Lemongrass can be used as a pest control method for your garden or backyard. Advances in vector mosquito control technologies, with particular reference to herbal products. A recent study revealed that An. A must have for weekend trips, camping, and travel. Karunamoorthi K. The counterfeit anti-malarial is a crime against humanity: a systematic review of the scientific evidence. VITJS4 crude extract against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). The study has found out that lemon grass is an effective and alternative natural insect repellent. Using Lemongrass as an Environment, Research Respondents, and Research Procedure. To overcome this problem, it is essential to research for alternative approaches to vector control. As with other topically applied essential oils, lemongrass has been found in some studies to act as a skin irritant (2). after screening titles/abstracts; 11 were review publications; 8 investigated the repellency impact of chemical-based repellents or animal extracts; 7 studies were conducted on laboratory animals; 12 were abstracts, conference papers, comments, and editorials; 10 studies had not reported sufficient data regarding the percentage of repellency or complete protection time; and, 15 studies were other irrelevant studies.