What really happened to the USS Maddox on that dark night in the Gulf of Tonkin? One of the pilots, Navy Commander James Stockdale, commanding officer of VF-51, recalled that they passed over the unscathed Maddox at 1530, minutes after the 22-minute surface engagement had ended. In fact, one of the patrols' main missions was to gather information that would be useful to the raiders.2 A top-secret document declassified in 2005 revealed the standing orders to the Desoto patrols: "[L]ocate and identify all coastal radar transmitters, note all navigation aids along the DVR's [Democratic Republic of Vietnam's] coastline, and monitor the Vietnamese junk fleet for a possible connection to DRV/Viet Cong maritime supply and infiltration routes."3. The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution authorized President Lyndon Johnson to "take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the United States and to prevent further. The Gulf of Tonkin Incident (1964) - YouTube Johnson, leaning heavily on the same team of advisors that Kennedy had appointed, did not approve of the troop build-up that many were calling for, but kept the increase of American personnel relatively modest. McNamara was informed of this doubt but decided to remain quiet because Pierce-Arrow was already in motion. www.WhiteHouseTapes.org. After missions in December 1962 and April of the next year, patrols were scheduled for 1964 in the vicinity of OPLAN 34A raids. 14. On August 2, it was attacked by North Vietnamese torpedo boats. Was the Gulf of Tonkin Incident a false flag operation? - Quora Fog_of_War_Questions_Llevel.pdf - Fog of War - Gulf of Tonkin Historians have long suspected that the second attack in the Gulf of Tonkin never occurred and that the resolution was based on faulty evidence. Funny how no one mentions the fact the Gulf Of Tonkin incident, the false flag event that 'justified' the Vietnam war. "22, Almost 90 percent of the SIGINT intercepts that would have provided a conflicting account were kept out of the reports sent to the Pentagon and White House. The Secret Side of the Tonkin Gulf Incident | Naval History Magazine What power did the Gulf of Tonkin give the President? Deptartment of State Bulletin, 24 August 1964: 558. The Gulf of Tonkin incident - Vietnam War "21, Navy Captain John J. Herrick (left), pictured with Maddox skipper Commander Herbert L. Ogier on board the destroyer, kept his superiors informed during the alleged battle with North Vietnamese PT boats on 4 August. Rather than being on a routine patrol Aug. 2, the U.S. destroyer Maddox was actually engaged in aggressive intelligence-gathering maneuvers in sync with coordinated attacks on North Vietnam by the South Vietnamese navy and the Laotian air force. On 3 August, the CIA confirmed that "Hanoi's naval units have displayed increasing sensitivity to U.S. and South Vietnamese naval activity in the Gulf of Tonkin during the past several months." 4 . All of the following are true about the Gulf of Tonkin incident and the ensuing resolution EXCEPT a. Gulf of Tonkin incident - Wikipedia Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, also called Tonkin Gulf Resolution, resolution put before the U.S. Congress by Pres. In reality, McNamara knew full well that the 34A attacks had probably provoked the 2 August attacks on the Maddox. 26. On 4 August 1964 two U.S. destroyers were again in the middle of the Gulf of Tonkin. The Gulf of Tonkin Incident: The Incident that Never Actually - YouTube It was the beginning of the United States air assault against North Vietnam that lasted until the end of the war. Forty-eight hours earlier, on Aug. 2, two US destroyers on patrol in the Gulf of Tonkin the Maddox and the Turner Joy were attacked by North Vietnamese boats. After this was reported to Washington, Robert McNamara urged President Johnson to retaliate. Though not manned by American sailors, four ships under the command of MACV-SOG attacked two islands in the Gulf, Hon Me, and Hon Ngu. Omissions? What should have stood out to the U.S. leadership collecting all the data of these attacks was that, with the exception of the battle report, no other SIGINT "chatter" was detected during the attacks on 4 August. What was the intention of the War Powers Resolution? But once-classified documents and tapes released in the past several years, combined with previously uncovered facts, make clear that high government officials distorted facts and deceived the American public about events that led to full U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War. And then, two days later, on August 4, the Johnson administration claimed that it had been attacked again. And why were highly skilled seamen and technicians from the Norwegian Navy involved. The witness was asked to __________ a statement she made that did not seem to ________with her earlier testimony. The Gulf of Tonkin incident (Vietnamese: S kin Vnh Bc B), also known as the USS Maddox incident, was an international confrontation that led to the United States engaging more directly in the Vietnam War. Gulf of Tonkin Resolution - Definition, Cause & Significance - HISTORY Several hours later, Captain John Herrick of the Maddox, after reviewing the events, sent the message, Review of action makes many reported contacts and torpedoes fired appear doubtful. What statement about the Gulf Tonkin incident is true? The Tonkin Gulf Resolution, essentially unchallenged by a Congress that believed it was an appropriate response to unprovoked, aggressive, and deliberate attacks on U.S. vessels on the high seas, would open the floodgates for direct American military involvement in Vietnam. Subscribe to Seymour Hersh to keep reading this post and get 7 days of free access to the full post archives. At 2336, President Johnson appeared on national television and announced his intent to retaliate against North Vietnamese targets: "Repeated acts of violence against the armed forces of the United States must be met not only with alert defense, but with positive reply. Reports Cast Doubt on Alleged Second Attack Another problem: the second attack almost certainly never occurred. OD. This assignment requires you to use themes from the readings and debate critically the meaning, scope, and/or practices. But, interestingly, on Sept. 18, a similar incident occurred in the Gulf of Tonkin. Army Colonel H. R. McMaster, author of the highly acclaimed 1997 book Dereliction of Duty, accused Johnson and McNamara of outright deception: To enhance his chances for election, [Johnson] and McNamara deceived the American people and Congress about events and the nature of the American commitment in Vietnam. No, that's not true. 2. Gulf of Tonkin Crisis & Resolution | What was the Gulf of Tonkin ed. But no declassified information had suggested that McNamara, Johnson, or anyone else in the decision-making process had intentionally misinterpreted the intelligence concerning the 4 August incident. , your opinion; it must be well-reasoned and backed up it has to be ( 3 to 4 pages long) by reconstructing the arguments and ideas from the readings. Gulf of Tonkin Incident: False Flag For War In Vietnam Seventh Fleet and that led to the Gulf of . Naval Forces Southern Command in Mayport Florida. Was the tonkin gulf resolution justified? Answers: 2 Show answers Another question on History. On the night of July 3031, 1964, South Vietnamese commandos attacked North Vietnamese radar and military installations on Hon Me and Hon Ngu islands in the Gulf of Tonkin. On August 2, the North Vietnamese navy retaliated, sending 3 torpedo boats to engage the Maddox. Additionally, messages that were forwarded contained "severe analytic errors, unexplained translation changes, and the conjunction of two messages into one translation." allowed for the president to send combat troops to Vietnam. This site requires JavaScript to run correctly. On the afternoon of August 2, 1964, three North Vietnamese torpedo boats clashed with the American destroyer Maddox (DD-731) patrolling the coast. It's a very good rule."31. Several years later, as the American public became increasingly disillusioned with the Vietnam War, many congressmen came to see the resolution as giving the president a blanket power to wage war, and the resolution was repealed in 1970. Stockdale reported seeing no torpedo boats. After observing North Vietnamese patrol torpedo boats pursuing the vessels that had attacked Hon Me, the Maddox withdrew from the area. Violent anti-war protests erupted at Kent State and Jackson State College after the news media reported that American troops had invaded Cambodia.. The simple answer is that the Norwegian Navy has a long and murky history of cooperation with American intelligence. The Maddox called in air support from a nearby carrier, the Ticonderoga. "15, Other intelligence supported the belief that an attack had occurred. Seventh Fleet and that led to the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, which allowed President Lyndon B. Johnson to greatly escalate U.S. military involvement in the Vietnam War. The superiors and subordinates of fbl inc., a swedish . Explanation: In 1964, the American government claimed that American naval ships had been attacked in territorial waters in the Gulf of Tonkin. Five months ago that teamworkabout which we still know very littleresulted in the destruction of two pipelines, on orders of President Biden, with international implications yet to be determined. Episode 2450 of the Vietnam Veteran News Podcast will feature a story more about how the Norwegian Navy participated in the Gulf of Tonkin Incident. 6. The Tonkin Gulf Resolution portrayed U.S. motives as maintaining peace and security in Asia, . It was the basis for the Tonkin Gulf Resolution, which committed major American forces to the war in Vietnam. Lyndon Johnson was sworn in as president later that day. 132 (01 Dec 2005). Gulf of Tonkin Incident - The Unwritten Record Besides the situation in Vietnam, Johnson was very concerned with the upcoming election of 1964. Hey, did yall hear Thutmose the Great didnt actually damage Hapshetsups monuments? We sacrificed two comrades but all the rest are okay. The Gulf of Tonkin incident was a complex naval event in the Gulf of Tonkin, off the coast of Vietnam, that was presented to the U.S. Congress on August 5, 1964, as two unprovoked attacks. chapter28done.docx - The American Yawp Chapter 28 - The Stanley Karnow, Vietnam: A History (New York: Penguin Books, 1983) p. 372. 10 Conspiracy Theories That Turned Out To Be True - Oddee But several hours later he forwarded his doubts about what had happened up the chain of command.Naval Historical Center. On the evening of July 30-31, South Vietnamese commandos attacked two North Vietnamese islands near where. It was passed on August 7, 1964, by the U.S. Congress after an alleged attack on two U.S. naval destroyers stationed off the coast of Vietnam. In making your definition, discuss and highlight what you think is the most Here are 10 you may or may not be familiar with that turned out to be true. What was true about the Gulf of Tonkin incident? Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. 5-8; Andrade and Conboy, "The Secret Side.". Resulted from a minor naval conflictc. The Gulf of Tonkin Incident - History Naval Institute Photo archive. It was certainly convenient as a reason for expanding American involvement in the Vietnam War. Alvarez was finally released in 1973. Operations carried during peace-time by civilian organisation, as well as covert government agencies, may by extension be called false flag operations if they seek to hide the real organisation behind an operation. However the human race LOVEs . of the Biden Administrations decision to destroy the Nord Stream pipelines, why did much of the secret planning and training for the operation take place in Norway? The following night, August 3 three more MACV-SOG vessels attacked targets on the mainland of North Vietnam. Both the Maddox and the C. Turner Joy fired repeatedly into the stormy night. Reduce the president's ability to wage war without congressional consen Non-subscribers can read five free Naval History articles per month. T ruthout. The August 4 incident never took place. It was probably his kid, so history has been mad at the wrong person all along. 1964 promised to be a volatile year in an already charged arena. For more than 90 minutes, he made runs parallel to the ships' course and at low altitude (below 2,000 feet) looking for the enemy vessels. In these shorter essays, you are expected to make a strong argument about a specific week's readings, and to support this argument with theoretical and empirical evidence. By 0127 on 5 August, hours after the "attacks" had occurred, Herrick had queried his crew and reviewed the preceding hours' events. What is the Gulf of Tonkin incident and why is it controversial? C. It showed the willingness of North Vietnam to make peace. He arrived overhead at 2135. The two lead boats maneuvered evasively but were nevertheless heavily damaged. On August 7, 1964, Congress passed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, authorizing President Johnson to take any measures he believed were necessary to retaliate and to promote the maintenance of international peace and security in southeast Asia. Lyndon Johnson on August 5, 1964, assertedly in reaction to two allegedly unprovoked attacks by North Vietnamese torpedo boats on the destroyers Maddox and C. Turner Joy of the U.S. 4 What is the Gulf of Tonkin incident and why is it controversial? Instead, it's believed that the crewmembers of the Maddox mistook their own sonar . Resulted from a minor naval conflict c. The Johnson administration distorted the incident to provide a pretext for escalating American involvement in Vietnam d. More and more saw poverty from the failure of individuals to take full advantage of the American system. What were the key events in the Gulf of Tonkin Incident? 384, enacted August 10, 1964, was a joint resolution that the United States Congress passed on August 7, 1964, in response to the Gulf of Tonkin incident . The Mysteries of Tonkin Gulf. Even though Pierce-Arrow was ordered shortly after the dubious reports of the second attack on the Maddox and Turner Joy, Johnson addressed the nation at 11:30 PM eastern time about the confrontation in the Gulf of Tonkin. In addition to the difficult detection conditions, the Maddox's SPS-40 long-range air-search radar and the Turner Joy's SPG-53 fire-control radar were both inoperative.9 That night, Herrick had the two ships move out to sea to give themselves maneuver space in case of attack. At 1440, the destroyer detected three North Vietnamese patrol boats approaching her position from the west. In August 1964, the USS Maddox destroyer was stationed in the Gulf of Tonkin off the coast of North Vietnam. Was the Gulf of Tonkin Incident true? The enemy ship could also have been damaged. Confederate leaders' households. 2 What happened at the Gulf of Tonkin quizlet? Tensions heightened in the Tonkin Gulf. Summary Of The Tonkin Gulf Resolution | ipl.org D. food and medical care The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution effectively launched Americas full-scale involvement in the Vietnam War. (18) These hangers, while not quite as cunning as plastic hangers, are perhaps the most treacherous because they don't even try to function as they are designed. Reply. You must include thesis statement, 4 body paragraphs and other reading and a conclusion to wrap up your debate You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser, president Johnson acted before all the facts became known. Several reported torpedoes were probably boats themselves which were observed to make several close passes on MADDOX. The Gulf of Tonkin Incident : r/NEWPOLITIC - reddit.com A myriad of issues confronted the new president, not the least of which was the ongoing crisis in Vietnam. In contrast to the clear conditions two days earlier, thunderstorms and rain squalls reduced visibility and increased wave heights to six feet. Gulf of Tonkin incident - Encyclopedia Britannica | Britannica They were there as part of an effort to support South Vietnamese military raids on what was then the North Vietnamese coast. Gunfire and torpedoes were exchanged while F-8 fighters from USS Ticonderoga (CVA-14) raced to the scene. 27. Historians still disagree over whether Johnson deliberately misled Congress and the American people about the Tonkin Gulf incident or simply capitalized on an opportunity that came his way. What Were The Truth'S About Tion About The Gulf Of Tonkin Incident? Lyndon Johnson was sworn in as president later that day. Updates? At the 1968 Democratic National Convention. The alleged attacks on August 4th against the USS Maddox and USS Joy were the basis for escalating the United States' involvement in Vietnam, but those attacks never occurred. The reply is being given as I speak to you tonight. The president agreed and ordered Operation Pierce Arrow, an airstrike on North Vietnamese mainland targets. The events that escalated the Vietnam War - were they real?: Exploring 1. When his wingman's aircraft developed trouble, Stockdale got permission to launch solo from the Ticonderoga. In the ensuing firefight, one of the torpedo boats was badly damaged, but the Maddox escaped harm. Is it true that the Gulf of Tonkin incident was faked? - Quora By the time the destroyers broke off their "counterattack," they had fired 249 5-inch shells, 123 3-inch shells, and four or five depth charges.10, Commander Stockdale was again in the action, this time alone. Johnson and McNamara recording, 03 August 1964 at 10:30 a.m., recording provided by the, Presidential Recordings Program, Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. A plane piloted by Commander James Stockdale joined the action, flying at low altitude to see the enemy ships. A second boat then launched two "fish" but was hit by gunfire from the destroyer. What was true about the Gulf of Tonkin incident? What was the intention of the War Powers Resolution? All of the following are true about the Gulf of Tonkin incident and the ensuing resolution EXCEPTa. OB. Libby Prison. The Gulf of Tonkin Incident was a pair of alleged attacks by North Vietnamese gunboats on two American destroyers in August of 1964 in the Gulf of Tonkin. Army Colonel: False Flag 'Gulf of Tonkin Incident' May Be Used to Get At the same time, the Vietnamese navy was undertaking a mission under the oversight of the U.S. Department of Defense to attack radar stations, bridges, and other such targets along North Vietnams coasts. President Johnson signed it on August 10, giving the executive far greater power to conduct military operations, without a declaration of war, than had ever been granted before. MUSINGS FOR MARCH, 2023 | INI World Report 1 What was true about the Gulf of Tonkin incident? The relocation of American manufacturing overseas, The southern strategy involved attracting Democratic voters to the Republican Party.. It showed the military superiority of the South Vietnamese. 2. She recruited volunteers from among the Union prisoners held at These new documents and tapes reveal what historians could not prove: There was not a second attack on U.S. Navy ships in the Tonkin Gulf in early August 1964. 15. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). "27, Intelligence officials realized the obvious. and Gulf of Tonkin Resolution: US History for Kids - American Historama What was the primary guiding principle of Carter's foreign policy during his early years in office? See all videos for this article Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, also called Tonkin Gulf Resolution, resolution put before the U.S. Congress by Pres. The first is done for you. 9. 22. . And following 24 hours after that with this destroyer in the same area undoubtedly led them to connect the two events. Led by Commander James B. Stockdale, the four Crusaders strafed one of the boats, claiming it sunk . Weather conditions were clear, and seas were calm. All of the following are true about the Gulf of Tonkin incident and the ensuing resolution EXCEPT, Served as justification for the assassination of Ngo Diem, U.S. troops massacred hundreds of civilians, In the 1968 election, Lyndon Johnson decided. In exchange for Lee's surrender, Grant offered Specially equipped with a communications intercept van and 17 SIGINT specialists, she was to patrol in international waters off the North Vietnamese coast, from the demilitarized zone (DMZ) north to the Chinese border. However, it is important to put what we do know into context. Was the Gulf of Tonkin justified? - TimesMojo naval event, Gulf of Tonkin off the coast of Vietnam [1964]. Who was the leader of the movement to stop the Equal Rights Amendment? The Gulf of Tonkin Incident was a false flag operation organized by the secret services of the United States, to be used as a pretext in their participation in the Vietnam War; this simulated a false attack by North Vietnamese forces against United States Navy ships in Southeast Asia, which had penetrated waters that the United States claimed as On 2 August 1964, North Vietnamese patrol torpedo boats attacked the USS Maddox (DD-731) while the destroyer was in international waters in the Gulf of Tonkin. Vietnam was 12 hours ahead of Washington time, so the "attacks" in the evening of 4 August in the Gulf of Tonkin were being monitored in Washington late that morning. That night, the South Vietnamese staged more OPLAN 34A raids. 16, No. What was true about the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution? The resolution served as the principal constitutional authorization for the subsequent vast escalation of the United States military involvement in the Vietnam War. . adhereamorousdefinitivefluentaffinityanimositydegenerategregariousalliterationcohereelucidateinherentamateurconfineengenderliteraryamicablecongregationfinaleluminary. Answer the question that you wish had been asked of you. What are the main structures of the systemic system? In July 1964, Lieutenant General William C. Westmoreland, commander of the U.S. Military Assistance Command, Vietnam, shifted the operation's tactics from commando attacks on land to shore bombardments using mortars, rockets, and recoilless rifles fired from South Vietnamese patrol boats.1, The U.S. Navy, meanwhile, had been conducting occasional reconnaissance and SIGINT-gathering missions farther offshore in the Tonkin Gulf. The Maddox and Turner Joy moved out to sea, but both reported that they were tracking multiple unidentified vessels approaching their positions. Three days following the incident, Congress approved the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, giving the President wide latitude in conducting military operations in Vietnam, and Johnson signed it into law on the 10th.Lyndon Baines Johnson Library, Subsequently, Secretary McNamara intentionally misled Congress and the public about his knowledge of and the nature of the 34A operations, which surely would have been perceived as the actual cause for the 2 August attack on the Maddox and the apparent attack on the 4th. Without the full picture, Congress could not offer the checks and balances it was designed to provide. Johnson and his advisers had approved retaliatory strikes on North Vietnamese naval bases as soon as the reports of the apparent attack of August 4 came in. Their overall objective was to disrupt North Vietnamese infiltration and support of South Vietnamese Communists, namely the Viet Cong. Anderson, David L., Editor. Corrections? TWE Remembers: The Gulf of Tonkin Incident - Council on Foreign Relations Corrections? We may never know the whole truth behind the Tonkin events and the motivations of those involved. More than 40 years after the events, that all changed with the release of the nearly 200 documents related to the Gulf of Tonkin incident and transcripts from the Johnson Library. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. On Friday night, as you probably know, we had four TP [sic] boats from [South] Vietnam, manned by [South] Vietnamese or other nationals, attack two islands, and we expended, oh, 1,000 rounds of ammunition of one kind or another against them. by John Prados. But what happened in the Gulf during the late hours of 4 Augustand the consequential actions taken by U.S. officials in Washingtonhas been seemingly cloaked in confusion and mystery ever since that night. Opposed Vietnamese independence and supported French attempts to retain its colonial control The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution allowed for the president to send combat troops to Vietnam. The Kerner Commission explained urban riots as the result of which of the following, Black frustration with the hopelessness of urban poverty, The Stonewall incident that catalyzed the gay rights movement occurred when __________, Bar patrons in New York City protested a police raid. a spy ring? Gulf of Tonkin Incident - Northern Virginia Community College Quiz-28.pdf - The American Yawp Chapter 28 - The Unraveling Drea, "Tonkin Gulf Reappraisal," p. 5. B. (19) Immediately after placing a load upon the hanger, however minuscule, the cardboard tube collapses into its natural equilibrium-the classic V-shape. President Jonson took these claims to Congress which subsequently passed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution. money and clothing The Gulf of Tonkin incident in August 1964 proved to be America's key entry point to war in Vietnam. On 6 August, when called before a joint session of the Senate Foreign Relations and Armed Services committees to testify about the incident, McNamara eluded the questioning of Senator Wayne Morse (D-OR) when he asked specifically whether the 34A operations may have provoked the North Vietnamese response. A top-secret extension of Military Assistance Command Vietnam (MACV) was created Studies and Observations Group or SOG. The Maddox, however, was not. On 28 July, the Maddox sortied from Taiwan en route to her Desoto patrol station. Cover-Up Worse Than Crime: Silence Around Hersh's Bombshell & Ominous Gulf of Tonkin Parallels.